İnsanda Saptanan Çiftlik Hayvanları ile İlişkili Staphylococcus aureus ST398’in Virülans ve Direnç Genlerinin In Silico Analizi

Abstract

Amaç: S. aureus ST398 kökenleri çiftlik hayvanları ile ilişkili tanımlanan ilk klonal kökenlerdir ve bu kökenlerin, tüm dünyada hızla yayılması nedeniyle bu klon özel bir yer edinmiştir. Bizde bu nedenle çalışmamızda, insan enfeksiyonlarında saptanan ve açık veritabanlarında gen dizilimleri bulunan LA-MRSA ST398 ve LA-MSSA ST398 kökenleri, hayvanlardan izole edilen LA-MRSA ST398 ve insan enfeksiyonları ile ilişkili standart MSSA ve MRSA kökenleri ile virülans ve antimikrobiyal direnç gen belirteçleri açısından in silico olarak karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve metod: Çalışmamızda incelenen kökenler, insanlarda saptanan ve tüm genom analizleri yapılarak açık veritabanlarına yüklenen gen dizilimleri bulunan 2 LA-MRSA ST398 ve 2 LA-MSSA ST398'dir. Bu kökenleri karşılaştırmak amacıyla, hayvandan izole edilmiş LA-MRSA ST398 ve insan enfeksiyonlarıyla ilişkili MSSA ve MRSA kökenleri incelendi. CSI filogeni, CARD ve VFanalyzer online yazılımları sırasıyla evrimsel benzerlik, antimikrobiyal direnç genleri ve virülans faktörlerini karşılaştırmak için kullanıldı. Bulgular: İnsan kaynaklı LA-MRSA ST398 ve LA-MSSA kökenlerinin filogeni benzerliği sırasıyla %98.1 ve %94.6 tespit edildi. LA-SA-ST398 kökenlerinin tümünde, makrolid-linkozamid-streptogramin ve eritromisin direnç genleri ön planda saptanırken, LA-MRSA ST398 kökenlerinde buna tetM gibi tetrasiklin eklenmiş olarak bulundu. ST398 kökenlerinde bağlanma ve enzim işlevi ile ilişkili bazı virülans faktörlerinin aktif olmadığı tespit edildi Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda incelenen insan kaynaklı çiftlik hayvanları ile ilişkili MRSA ve MSSA ST398 kökenlerinde bağışıklıktan kaçış ile ilişkili virülans faktörlerine aktive ettiği, bazı toksin virülans faktörlerini ise kullanmadığı saptandı. Bu kökenlerin geliştirdikleri hastalıkların patogenezlerini anlayabilmek için eldeki verilerin yeni gelişen moleküler tekniklerle incelenmesinin epidemiyolojik olarak avantaj kazandıracağı kanaatindeyiz.

Keywords

• Staphylococcus aureus
• ST398
• in silico analiz
• virülans genleri
• direnç genleri

In Silico Analysis of Virulence and Resistance Genes of Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus ST398 Detected in Humans

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus ST398 strains are the first clonal strains identified in relation to livestock and this clone has gained a special place due to the rapid spread of these strains all over the world. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to compare in silico the LA-MRSA ST398 and LA-MSSA ST398 strains detected in human infections and with gene sequences in open databases, LA-MRSA ST398 isolated from animals and standard MSSA and MRSA strains associated with human infections in terms of virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene markers.
Materials and Methods: The strains examined in this study were 2 LA-MRSA ST398 and 2 LA-MSSA ST398, which have gene sequences detected in humans and uploaded into open databases by whole genome analysis. To compare these strains, MSSA and MRSA strains associated with human infections and LA-MRSA ST398 isolated from the animal were used. CSI phylogeny, CARD and VFanalyzer online software were used to compare evolutionary similarity, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors, respectively.
Results: Evolutionary similarity of human-derived ST398 LA-MRSA and LA-MSSA strains were detected in 98.1% and 94.6%, respectively. Especially macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin and erythromycin resistance genes were found in all LA-SA-ST398 strains, while tetracycline such as tetM was added to it in LA-MRSA ST398 strains. Some virulence factors associated with binding and enzyme function were found to be inactive in ST398 strains.
Conclusion: As a conclusion, it was determined that human derived LA-MRSA and LA-MSSA ST398 strains activated the virulence factors related with immun evasion, and did not use toxins as a virulence factor. In order to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases developed by these strains, we believe that analyzing the available data with newly developed molecular techniques will provide an epidemiological advantage.

Keywords

• Staphylococcus aureus
• ST398
• in silico analysis
• virulence genes
• resistance genes

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