Healthy Nutrition Recommendations in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Dietary therapy is one of the most important steps of treatment in cardiovascular diseases. In dietary treatment, daily salt intake should be restricted, saturated fat consumption should be avoided, consumption of polyunsaturated fats and white meats should be increased, consumption of margarine and added sugar foods should be prohibited, and consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits should be increased. The alcohol intake and smoking should be avoided. An individualized diet with appropriate calorie content should be arranged in a way that will maintain the ideal weight and prevent overweight and obesity. The benefit of diet therapy is more effective and less costly compared with pharmacological and interventional treatment methods.

Key Words: Cardiovascular diseases, Dietary therapy, Nutrition

Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklarda Sağlıklı Beslenme Önerileri

Abstract

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda diyet tedavisi, tedavinin en önemli basamaklarından biridir. Diyet tedavisinde günlük tuz alımı kısıtlanmalı, doymuş yağ tüketiminden kaçınılmalı, çoklu doymamış yağların ve beyaz etlerin tüketimi artırılmalı, margarin ve ilave şekerli gıdaların tüketimi yasaklanmalı, taze sebze ve meyve tüketimi sağlanmalıdır. Alkollü içki ve tütün ürünlerinin kullanımından kaçınılmalıdır. İdeal kiloyu koruyacak, aşırı kiloları ve obeziteyi önleyecek şekilde uygun kalori içerikli bireyselleştirilmiş diyet düzenlenmelidir. Farmakolojik ve girişimsel tedavi yöntemleri ile karşılaştırıldığında diyet tedavisi ile elde edilecek faydalar hem daha etkin hem de daha az maliyetli olacaktır.

Keywords

• Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
• diyet tedavisi
• beslenme

References

1. Baysal A. Beslenme ve Sağlık. Beslenme. 18. Baskı. Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayınları; 2018;9-18.
2. İbn-i Sina, El- Kanun Fi’t Tıbb. çev. Emin Kayha. Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, İstanbul 2009;1-115
3. Tıbbi beslenme ve egzersiz metabolizması kılavuzu. Birinci baskı. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği. Miki Matbaacılık San. Ltd. Şti. 2020;1-176.
4. Altuntas Y. Metabolik Sendrom ve Bileşenlerini Kontrol Etmeye Yönelik Profilaksi ve İdame Dietler. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol-Special Topics. 2010;3:19-23.
5. Emoto M. Suyun Gizli Mesaji, Kuraldisi Yayincilik, 2005;1-279.
6. Ravera A, Carubelli V, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, Gorga E, Cani D, et al. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: Finding the Perfect Recipe for Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients. 2016;8(6):363.
7. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Z, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. The fifth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Atherosclerosis. 2012;223(1):1-68.
8. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Houston Miller N, Hubbard VS, et al. AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(25):2960-2984.

9. Kayıkçıoğlu M, Özdoğan Ö. Beslenme ve kardiyovasküler sağlık: 2015 Amerikan Diyet Kılavuzu önerileri [Nutrition and cardiovascular health: 2015 American Dietary Guidelines Advisory Report]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015;43(8):667-72.
10. Tayyareci Y, Aytekin S. Kalp Damar Hastalıklarından Primer ve Sekonder Korunma Amaçlı Diyet Modelleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol-Special Topics 2010;3(2):10-18.
11. Yıldırım AB, Küçük M. Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklarda Korunma. J Cardiol-Special Topics 2017;10(1):62-67.
12. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA. et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006;114(1):82-96.
13. Authors/Task Force Members:, Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Atherosclerosis. 2016;253:281-344.
14. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA. et al. Consensus Statement by the American Associatİon of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm-2018 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract. 2018;24(1):91-120.
15. Bianchi VE. Impact of Nutrition on Cardiovascular Function. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2020;45(1):100391.
16. Casas R, Castro-Barquero S, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(12):3988.
17. Yıldırım AB, Küçük M. Yüksek Kan Basıncına Karşı Primer Koruma. J Cardiol-Special Topics 2013;6(4):21-29.
18. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2005. https://doi.org/10.17226/10925.