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Ürotelyal Neoplazmlar ile Reaktif Lezyonların Ayırımında Sitolojik Özelliklerin Analizi

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 10 - 17, 22.04.2018

Abstract

Amaç; Mesaneden biyopsi alınan vakaların biyopsi tanıları ile bu biyopsiden 3 ay önce yapılan mesane yıkama sitolojilerine (MYS)
verilen tanıları karşılaştırmak. Belirlenen sitolojik özelliklerin vakalardaki dağılımını belirlemek.

Materyal ve Metod: 2008-2012 yılları arasında mesane biyopsisi yapılmadan 3 ay önce MYS olan toplam 152 vaka çalışmaya alındı.
Biyopsi tanısı benign olanlar bir grup, papillom, malignite potansiyeli düşük papiller ürotelyal neoplazm(PUNLMP ), noninvaziv düşük
dereceli ürotelyal neoplazm tanıları olanlar; düşük dereceli ürotelyal neoplazm (DDÜN) grubu, non-invaziv yüksek dereceli ürotelyal
neoplazm ve invaziv ürotelyal karsinom tanıları olanlar; yüksek dereceli ürotelyal karsinom (YDÜK) olarak üç grup oluşturuldu. Bu
gruplar arasında sitoloji ve biyopsi tanıları arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldı. Belirlenen 14 adet sitolojik özelliğin vaka gruplarındaki görülme
sıklığına, sensivite ve spesifitesine bakıldı.

Sonuçlar:
MYS tanısı benign olan 79 vakanın biyopsi tanıları şöyle idi; 66’sı(83,5%) benign, 13’ü(16,4%) ürotelyal neoplazi idi. MYS tanısı
“Atipi, reaktif lehine” olan 46 vakanın 34’ü(73,9%) benign ve 12’ü(26,1%) ise ürotelyal neoplazm tanılarından biri idi. MYS tanısı
‘Atipi, neoplazi lehine’ olan 13 vakanın 8’i(61,5%) benign, 5’i(38,4%) ürotelyal neoplazm tanısı almıştı. MYS tanısı ‘Malign’ olan 14
vakanın 3’üne (21,4%) benign, 11’ine (78,5%) ürotelyal neoplazm tanısı konmuştu.
Benign grup ile ürotelyal neoplazm grupları arasında görülme sıklığı birbirine yakın sitolojik özellikler ; “nükleol belirginliği (DDÜN
için sensivitesi 20%, spesifitesi 76%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 27%, spesifitesi 76%) , veziküler kromatin (DDÜN için sensivitesi 3%,
spesifitesi 98%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 9%, spesifitesi 98%) kirli zemin (DDÜN için sensivitesi 7%, spesifitesi 98%, YDÜK için
sensivitesi 27%, spesifitesi 98%) ve bal peteği görünümü (DDÜN için sensivitesi 47%, spesifitesi 59%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 36%,
spesifitesi 59%) idi.
Benign grup ile ürotelyal neoplastik grup arasında görülme oran farkı en fazla olan sitolojik özellikler; “nükleus/sitoplazma oranında
artım (DDÜN için sensivitesi 67%, spesifitesi 53%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 100%, spesifitesi 53%), nükleer membran düzensizliği
(DDÜN için sensivitesi 43%, spesifitesi 88%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 81%, spesifitesi 88%), homojen sitoplazma (DDÜN için sensivitesi
27%, spesifitesi 94%, YDÜK için sensivitesi 64%, spesifitesi 94%) ve hiperkromazi (DDÜN için sensivitesi 53%, spesifitesi 70%,
YDÜK için sensivitesi 82%, spesifitesi 70%)” idi.
Sitoplazmik yakalık’ bulgusu, az oranda görülmesine rağmen DDÜN ve YDÜK için spesifitesi (97 % oranında) oldukça yüksekti.

Tartışma: MYS’lerinde benign grup ile özellikle DDÜN arasında ayrıcı tanıda zorluğa neden olabilecek sitolojik özelliklerin “nükleol
belirginliği, veziküler kromatin, kirli zemin ve bal peteği görünümü” oluğunu gösterdik.
“Sitoplazmik yakalık”sitolojik özelliğide ürotelyal neoplazmların tanısı için destekleyici bir bulgu olarak kullanılabilir. 

References

  • 1. Gaston KE, Pruthi RS: Value of urinary cytology in the diagnosis and management of urinary tract malignancies. Urology 2004, 63(6):1009-1016.
  • 2. Bastacky S, Ibrahim S, Wilczynski SP, Murphy WM: The accuracy of urinary cytology in daily practice. Cancer 1999, 87(3):118-128. PMID: 10385442.
  • 3.Tetu B, Tiguert R, Harel F, Fradet Y: ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ improves the sensitivity of urine cytology in patients followed for urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2005, 18(1):83-89. PMID: 15389253.
  • 4. Moonen PM, Merkx GF, Peelen P, Karthaus HF, Smeets DF, Witjes JA: UroVysion compared with cytology and quantitative cytology in the surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2007, 51(5):1275-1280; discussion 1280.
  • 5. Bergman J, Reznichek RC, Rajfer J: Surveillance of patients with bladder carcinoma using fluorescent in-situ hybridization on bladder washings. BJU Int 2008, 101(1):26-29.
  • 6. Abd El Gawad IA, Moussa HS, Nasr MI, El Gemae EH, Masooud AM, Ibrahim IK, El Hifnawy NM: Comparative study of NMP-22, telomerase, and BTA in the detection of bladder cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2005, 17(3):193-202.
  • 7. Mowatt G, Zhu S, Kilonzo M, Boachie C, Fraser C, Griffiths TR, N'Dow J, Nabi G, Cook J, Vale L: Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer. Health Technol Assess 2010, 14(4):1-331,
  • 8. Hughes JH, Raab SS, Cohen MB: The cytologic diagnosis of low-grade transitional cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2000, 114 Suppl:S59-67. PMID: 11996171.
  • 9. Thiryayi SA, Rana DN: Urine cytopathology: challenges, pitfalls, and mimics. Diagn Cytopathol 2012, 40(11):1019-1034.
  • 10. Cakir E, Kucuk U, Pala EE, Sezer O, Ekin RG, Cakmak O: Cytopathologic differential diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma and reactive urothelial proliferation in bladder washings: a logistic regression analysis. Apmis 2017, 125(5):431-436.
  • 11.Mokhtar GA, Al-Dousari M, Al-Ghamedi D: Diagnostic significance of atypical category in the voided urine samples: A retrospective study in a tertiary care center. Urol Ann 2010, 2(3):100-106.
  • 12. Tone K, Kojima K, Hoshiai K, Kumagai N, Kijima H, Kurose A: An ancillary method in urine cytology: Nucleolar/nuclear volume ratio for discrimination between benign and malignant urothelial cells. Diagn Cytopathol 2016, 44(6):483-491.
  • 13. Bhatia A, Dey P, Kakkar N, Srinivasan R, Nijhawan R: Malignant atypical cell in urine cytology: a diagnostic dilemma. Cytojournal 2006, 3:28.
  • 14. Potts SA, Thomas PA, Cohen MB, Raab SS: Diagnostic accuracy and key cytologic features of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma in the upper urinary tract. Mod Pathol 1997, 10(7):657-662.
  • 15. Raab SS, Slagel DD, Jensen CS, Teague MW, Savell VH, Ozkutlu D, Lenel JC, Cohen MB: Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: application of select cytologic criteria to improve diagnostic accuracy [corrected]. Mod Pathol 1996, 9(3):225-232.
  • 16. Wojcik EM, Antic T, Chandra A, Cohen MB, McCroskey Z, Ro JY, et al. Low grade urothelial neoplasia (LGUN). In: Rosenthal DL, Wojcik EM, Kurtycz DFI, editors. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Switzerland: spinger, 2016: 75-86.
  • 17. Glass R, Rosen L, Chau K, Sheikh-Fayyaz S, Farmer P, Coutsouvelis C, Slim F, Brenkert R, Das K, Raab S, Cocker R: Analysis of the Cytomorphological Features in Atypical Urine Specimens following Application of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Acta Cytol 2018, 62(1):54-61.
  • 18. Chu YC, Han JY, Han HS, Kim JM, Suh JK: Cytologic evaluation of low grade transitional cell carcinoma and instrument artifact in bladder washings. Acta Cytol 2002, 46(2):341-348.
  • 19. Deshpande V, McKee GT: Analysis of atypical urine cytology in a tertiary care center. Cancer 2005, 105(6):468-475..

Analysis of Cytological Features on Differentiation of Reactive Lessions With Urotelial Neoplasms

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 10 - 17, 22.04.2018

Abstract

Background:To compare the biopsy diagnosis of cases with bladder biopsy and diagnosis of bladder washing cytologies(BWC) which
are 3 months prior to bladder biopsy. To determine the distribution of identified cytologic features .

Materia and methods: There were 152 cases with BWC which was 3 months prior to bladder cytology between 2008 and 2012. First group
consisted of benign biopsy diagnosis, second group consisted of low degree urothelial neoplazm by combining papillom and low
malignancy potential papiller urothelial neoplazm(PUNLMP) in the noninvasive low degree urothelial neoplasm(LGUN) and finally
third one consisted of non-invasive high degree urothelial carcinoma and invasive urothelial carcinoma ) in the high degree urothelial
neoplasm(HGUC). The relation between cytology and biopsy diagnosis were evaluated. 14 cytological features were identified. These
characterictics exaimed according to frequency of appereance, sensitivity and specifity on groups.

Results : 66(83,5%) cases out of 77 cases with benign cytology diagnosis, found to have benign biopsy diagnosis, remaining
13(16,4%)cases were identified with one of the urothelial neoplasm diagnosises. 34(73,9%)cases out of 46 cases with “atypia, reactive
favor” found to be benign in biopsy and other 12(26,1%)cases took one of the ürothelial neoplasm diagnosis. There were 13 cases which
had ‘atypia, neoplasy favor” cytology diagnosis. 8(61,5%) of these cases were benign and 5(38,4%) of them diagnosed with urothelial
neoplasm. There were 14 cases with ‘Malign’ cytology diagnosis. 3(21,4%) of these cases were found to be benign in biopsy, remaining
11(78,5%)cases diagnosed with neoplasm.
Cytological features that caused difficulty in diagnosing due to having close rates in benign and ürothelial neoplasm were ‘nucleolytic
significance (sensitivity 20%, specificity 76% for LGUN, sensitivity 27%, specificity76% for HGUC), vesical chromatin (sensitivity
3%, specificity 98% for LGUN, sensitivity 9%, specificity 98% for HGUC), dirty floor (sensitivity 7%, specificity 98% for LGUN,
sensitivity 27%, specificity 98% for HGUC) and honey pete view (sensitivity 47%, specificity 59% for LGUN, sensitivity 36%,
specificity 59% for HGUC)
Cytological features which had the most difference in rates between ürothelial neoplasm were increase in nucleus/cytoplasm ratio,
nuclear membrane irregularity, cytoplasmic, homogeneity and hyperkromosis.
Even though cytoplasmic collar findings were rare, specifity(97 % rate) for HGUC and LGUN was rather high.

Conclusion :In BWC, it is difficult to make a certain diagnosis between benign and LGUN groups. Cytological features that create
hardship in differential diagnosis were nucleolytic significance, vesical chromatin, dirty floor and honey pete view.
Cytoplasmic collar can also be a supportive finding for diagnosis of urothelial neoplasm.

References

  • 1. Gaston KE, Pruthi RS: Value of urinary cytology in the diagnosis and management of urinary tract malignancies. Urology 2004, 63(6):1009-1016.
  • 2. Bastacky S, Ibrahim S, Wilczynski SP, Murphy WM: The accuracy of urinary cytology in daily practice. Cancer 1999, 87(3):118-128. PMID: 10385442.
  • 3.Tetu B, Tiguert R, Harel F, Fradet Y: ImmunoCyt/uCyt+ improves the sensitivity of urine cytology in patients followed for urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2005, 18(1):83-89. PMID: 15389253.
  • 4. Moonen PM, Merkx GF, Peelen P, Karthaus HF, Smeets DF, Witjes JA: UroVysion compared with cytology and quantitative cytology in the surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur Urol 2007, 51(5):1275-1280; discussion 1280.
  • 5. Bergman J, Reznichek RC, Rajfer J: Surveillance of patients with bladder carcinoma using fluorescent in-situ hybridization on bladder washings. BJU Int 2008, 101(1):26-29.
  • 6. Abd El Gawad IA, Moussa HS, Nasr MI, El Gemae EH, Masooud AM, Ibrahim IK, El Hifnawy NM: Comparative study of NMP-22, telomerase, and BTA in the detection of bladder cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2005, 17(3):193-202.
  • 7. Mowatt G, Zhu S, Kilonzo M, Boachie C, Fraser C, Griffiths TR, N'Dow J, Nabi G, Cook J, Vale L: Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer. Health Technol Assess 2010, 14(4):1-331,
  • 8. Hughes JH, Raab SS, Cohen MB: The cytologic diagnosis of low-grade transitional cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2000, 114 Suppl:S59-67. PMID: 11996171.
  • 9. Thiryayi SA, Rana DN: Urine cytopathology: challenges, pitfalls, and mimics. Diagn Cytopathol 2012, 40(11):1019-1034.
  • 10. Cakir E, Kucuk U, Pala EE, Sezer O, Ekin RG, Cakmak O: Cytopathologic differential diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma and reactive urothelial proliferation in bladder washings: a logistic regression analysis. Apmis 2017, 125(5):431-436.
  • 11.Mokhtar GA, Al-Dousari M, Al-Ghamedi D: Diagnostic significance of atypical category in the voided urine samples: A retrospective study in a tertiary care center. Urol Ann 2010, 2(3):100-106.
  • 12. Tone K, Kojima K, Hoshiai K, Kumagai N, Kijima H, Kurose A: An ancillary method in urine cytology: Nucleolar/nuclear volume ratio for discrimination between benign and malignant urothelial cells. Diagn Cytopathol 2016, 44(6):483-491.
  • 13. Bhatia A, Dey P, Kakkar N, Srinivasan R, Nijhawan R: Malignant atypical cell in urine cytology: a diagnostic dilemma. Cytojournal 2006, 3:28.
  • 14. Potts SA, Thomas PA, Cohen MB, Raab SS: Diagnostic accuracy and key cytologic features of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma in the upper urinary tract. Mod Pathol 1997, 10(7):657-662.
  • 15. Raab SS, Slagel DD, Jensen CS, Teague MW, Savell VH, Ozkutlu D, Lenel JC, Cohen MB: Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: application of select cytologic criteria to improve diagnostic accuracy [corrected]. Mod Pathol 1996, 9(3):225-232.
  • 16. Wojcik EM, Antic T, Chandra A, Cohen MB, McCroskey Z, Ro JY, et al. Low grade urothelial neoplasia (LGUN). In: Rosenthal DL, Wojcik EM, Kurtycz DFI, editors. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Switzerland: spinger, 2016: 75-86.
  • 17. Glass R, Rosen L, Chau K, Sheikh-Fayyaz S, Farmer P, Coutsouvelis C, Slim F, Brenkert R, Das K, Raab S, Cocker R: Analysis of the Cytomorphological Features in Atypical Urine Specimens following Application of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Acta Cytol 2018, 62(1):54-61.
  • 18. Chu YC, Han JY, Han HS, Kim JM, Suh JK: Cytologic evaluation of low grade transitional cell carcinoma and instrument artifact in bladder washings. Acta Cytol 2002, 46(2):341-348.
  • 19. Deshpande V, McKee GT: Analysis of atypical urine cytology in a tertiary care center. Cancer 2005, 105(6):468-475..
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aydan Kılıçarslan This is me

Publication Date April 22, 2018
Submission Date April 1, 2018
Acceptance Date April 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kılıçarslan A. Ürotelyal Neoplazmlar ile Reaktif Lezyonların Ayırımında Sitolojik Özelliklerin Analizi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;15(1):10-7.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty