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Investigation of Cytotoxic Effects of Boron Compounds Containing Chiral Group as Bioactive Agents in A549 Lung Cancer Cells

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 594 - 600, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1643464

Abstract

Background: In lung cancer, which progresses insidiously and is diagnosed at a late stage, recurrence of the disease, development of drug resistance or limited efficacy of conventional treatment remains a problem. These treatment chal-lenging factors lead researchers to new researchs; recently, boron-containing compounds have attracted interest due to their cytotoxic or genotoxic effects in cancer types. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the cytotoxic effect of chiral group boron-based compounds in human alveolar cell adenocarcinoma A549 cell line.
Materials and Methods: Compounds T1B1 and T1B2 were re-synthesized in the Dean-Stark system under suitable reaction conditions by modifying some stoichiometric ratios based on the previously described methods. The cytotoxic effects of T1B1 and T1B2, three coordinated boron compounds containing chiral groups as bioactive agents in A549 adenocarcinoma cells, were determined calorimetrically by the MTT method. For this purpose, the synthesized compounds were used at concen-trations of 10-60 µg/ml and incubated with A549 cells for 48 and 72 hours. Then, the IC50 value of each compound was calculated using the optical density (OD) data obtained.
Results: According to the results obtained, cytotoxic effects of three coordinated T1B1 and T1B2 boron compounds containing chiral groups as bioactive agents studied in the concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml were determined on A549 cell line. It was determined that significant cytotoxic effect occurred at all concentrations of both compounds compared to the control group (p<0.001). The IC50 values for compound T1B1 were calculated as 15.84 µg/ml at 48 h and 12.22 µg/ml at 72 h, while for compound T1B2, the IC50 values were 19.62 µg/ml at 48 h and 13.59 µg/ml at 72 h. This indicated that the cytotoxic activity of T1B1 was stronger than that of boron compounds.
Conclusions: It was determined that T1B1 and T1B2 boron compounds applied to A549 adenocarcinoma cells decreased proliferation and produced a cytotoxic effect, depending on increasing concentration and time. Further elucidation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of newly synthesized boron compounds will become important in terms of deter-mining their role in cancer prevention and treatment.

Project Number

Bu çalışma herhangi bir fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

References

  • 1. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. (2024). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (version 1.1). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed 7 June 2024.
  • 2. Leiter A, Veluswamy RR, Wisnivesky JP. The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(9):624-639.
  • 3. Travis WD. Lung Cancer Pathology: Current Concepts. Clin Chest Med. 2020;41(1):67-85.
  • 4. Huang J, Deng Y, Tin MS, Lok V, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE 3rd, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends for lung cancer incidence and mortality: A Global Analysis. Chest. 2022;161(4):1101-1111.
  • 5. Schabath MB, Cote ML. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(10):1563-1579.
  • 6. Li C, Lei S, Ding L, Xu Y, Wu X, Wang H, et al. Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Chin Med J (Engl). 2023;136(13):1583-1590.
  • 7. Howlader N, Forjaz G, Mooradian MJ, Meza R, Kong CY, Cronin KA, et al. The Effect of Advances in Lung-Cancer Treatment on Population Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):640-649.
  • 8. Pirker R. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2020;32(1):63-67..
  • 9. Aydın T, Gönen B, Eseceli H. Bor’un İnsan Sağlığı ve Beslenme Üzerine Etkisi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2018;9(2):119-122.
  • 10. Beyer KH, Bergfeld WF, Berndt WO, Boutwell RK, Carlton WW, Hoffmann DK et al. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium borate and boric acid. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1983;2(7):87-125.
  • 11. Scorei R. Is boron a prebiotic Element? A mini-review of the essentiality of boron for the appearance of life on earth. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 2012;42:3-17.
  • 12. Acaroz U, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, Gurler Z, Kucukkurt I, Demirel HH et al. The ameliorative effects of boron against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic changes in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018;118:7.
  • 13. Küçükdoğru R, Türkez H, Arslan ME, Tozlu ÖÖ, Sönmez E, Mardinoğlu A et al. Neuroprotective effects of boron nitride nanoparticles in the experimental Parkinson’s disease model against MPP+ induced apoptosis. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2020;35:947-957.
  • 14. Cui Y, Winton MI, Zhang ZF, Rainey C, Marshall J, De Kernion JB et al. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk Oncol Rep. 2004;11(4):887–892.
  • 15. Tanaka M, Fujiwara T. Physiological roles and transport mechanisms of boron: perspectives from plants. Pflugers Arch. 2008;456(4):671-7.
  • 16. Spielberg SP, Butler JD, Macdermot K, Schulman JD. Treatment of glutathione synthetase deficient fibroblasts by inhibiting gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity with serine and borate. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 1979;89(2):504–511.
  • 17. Hunt CD, Herbel JL, Idso JP. Dietary boron modifies the effects of exercise training on bone and energy substrate metabolism in the ra. FASEB J. 1993;7(3):A204–A204.
  • 18. Kilic A, Soylemez R, Okumus V. Design, spectroscopic properties and effects of novel catechol spiroborates derived from Schiff bases in the antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA binding activity. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2022;960: 122228.
  • 19. Farfán-García ED, Kilic A, García-Machorro J, Cuevas-Galindo ME, Rubio-Velazquez BA, García-Coronel IH et al. Antimicrobial (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) mechanisms of action of boron-containing compounds, in: Bagchi D, Das A, Downs BW (Eds.), Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections, Academic Press, 2023:733–754.
  • 20. Yildirim M, Kilic A, Cimentepe M, Necip A, Turedi S. Synthesis of bioactive quercetin-boronate esters as a novel biological agent: enzyme inhibition, anti-microbial properties, computational insights and anti-cancer activity. J Mol Struct. 2025;1321(5):140216.
  • 21. Yildirim M, Yasar E, Necip A, Cimentepe M, Demirbağ B, Kilic A. Facile synthesis and spectral analysis of the bioactive spiroborate compounds as a novel therapeutic agent for computational insights, biological evaluation, and applications. J Organometal Chem. 2025;1027:123510.
  • 22. Erbaykent Tepedelen B, Korkmaz M. Effects of Natural and Synthetic Boron Compounds on Cancer Prevention and Cancer Treatment. In Boron and Human Health, Ankara: Nobel Publishing House, 2020:129-147.
  • 23. Huriyet H. Sodyum pentaboratın kanser ve sağlıklı insan akciğer hücreleri üzerindeki in vitro sitotoksik genotoksik ve radyobiyolojik etkilerinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi. Bursa: Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024:85-94.
  • 24. Hacıoğlu C. Borik Asidin endoplazmik retikulum stresiyle ilgili proteinler aracılığıyla glioblastoma hücreleri üzerindeki antiproliferatif etkileri. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2024;46(2):217-2.
  • 25. Saylam M. Sepsis modeli oluşturulan sıçanlarda karaciğer hasarı üzerine borik asitin koruyucu etkisi. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024;35-37.
  • 26. Kilic A, Balci TE, Arslan N, Aydemir M, Durap F, Okumus V, et al. Synthesis of cis-1,2-diol-type chiral ligands and their dioxaborinane derivatives: Application for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various ketones and biological evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem. 2020;34: e5835.
  • 27. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods. 1983;65(1-2): 55-63.
  • 28. Li Z, Tan S, Li S, Shen Q, Wang K. Cancer drug delivery in the nano era: An overview and perspectives. Oncology reports. 2017;38(2):611-624.
  • 29. De Pasquale D, Marino A, Tapeinos C, Pucci C, Rocchiccioli S, Michelucci E et al. Homotypic targeting and drug delivery in glioblastoma cells through cell membrane-coated boron nitride nanotubes. Mater Des. 2020;192:108742.
  • 30. Çoksever İ. Prostat kanseri hücrelerinde bor bileşiklerinin endoplazmik retikulum (er) stresine olan etkisinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021;1-108.
  • 31. Sevimli M, Bayram D, Özgöçmen M, Armağan I, Semerci Sevimli T. Boric acid suppresses cell proliferation by TNF signaling pathway mediated apoptosis in SW-480 human colon cancer line. J Trace Elem. Med Biol. 2022;71:126958.
  • 32. Hacıoğlu C, Davran F. Kolorektal kanser hücrelerinde boraksın Gpx4/ACSL4 sinyal yolu aracılığıyla sitotoksik etkileri. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer. 2023;13(1):54-60.
  • 33. Ersöz M. Borik asitin 8305C anaplastik tiroit kanseri hücrelerinde antioksidan ve anti-kanser aktivitesi. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10(2):213-221.
  • 34. Kar F, Hacioğlu C, Kaçar S. The dual role of boron in vitro neurotoxication of glioblastoma cells via SEMA3F/NRP2 and ferroptosis signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2023;38(1):70-77.
  • 35. Mohammed EE, Türkel N, Yigit UM, Dalan AB, Sahin F. Boron Derivatives Inhibit the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells and Affect Tumor-Specific T Cell Activity In Vitro by Distinct Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023;201(12):5692-5707.
  • 36. Yıldırım O, Seçme M, Dodurga Y, Mete GA, Fenkci SM. In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025;203(2):799-809.
  • 37. Acerbo AS, Miller LM. Assessment of the chemical changes induced in human melanoma cells by boric acid treatment using infrared imaging. Analyst. 2009;134(8):1669-74.
  • 38. Albuz Ö, Dülger D, Tunali BÇ, Aydin F, Yalçin S, Türk M. Effects of B2O3 (boron trioxide) on colon cancer cells: our first-step experience and in vitro results. Turk J Biol. 2019;43(3):209-223.
  • 39. Tunçay, T. Çeşitli Bor Minerallerinin Göğüs ve Akciğer Kanser Türleri Üzerine Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • 40. Semerci Sevimli T, Ghorbani A, Sevimli M. Borik Asitin Anti-Proliferatif ve Anti-Apoptotik Etkilerinin İnsan Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerinde TGF-β Sinyal Yolağı Üzerinden İncelenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;7(3):553-564.

A549 Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerinde Biyoaktif Ajan Olarak Kiral Grup İçeren Bor Bileşiklerinin Sitotoksik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 594 - 600, 29.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1643464

Abstract

Amaç: Sinsi şekilde ilerleyerek geç evrede teşhis edilen akciğer kanserinde hastalığın nüksetmesi, ilaç direncinin gelişmesi veya klasik tedavi etkinliğinin sınırlı olması hala bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Tedaviyi zorlayan bu faktörler araştırmacıları yeni arayışlara yönlendirmektedir ki; son zamanlarda bor içeren bileşikler, kanser türlerinde sitotoksik veya genotoksik etkilerinden dolayı ilgi çekmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada ilk kez kiral grubu bor temelli bileşiklerin insan alveolar hücre adenokarsinomu olan A549 hücre hattında sitotoksik etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı.
Materyal ve metod: T1B1 ve T1B2 bileşikleri daha önce açıklanan yöntemler üzerinde bazı stokiyometrik oranlarda değişik-likler yapılarak Dean-Stark sisteminde uygun reaksiyon koşullarda yeniden sentezlendi. Sentezlenen T1B1 ve T1B2 bileşikle-ri, 10-60 µg/ml konsantrasyonlarda 6 dozda A549 hücrelere 48 ve 72 saat ayrı ayrı uygulandı. A549 adenokarsinoma hücrelerinde kiral grup içeren üç koordineli bor bileşikleri olan T1B1 ve T1B2’nin sitotoksik etkileri kolorimetrik olarak MTT yöntemiyle belirlendi. Ardından elde edilen optik dansite (OD) verilerinden yararlanılarak her bileşiğe ait IC50 değeri hesap-landı.
Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 10-60 µg/ml konsantrasyon aralığında çalışılan biyoaktif ajan olarak kiral grup içeren üç koordineli T1B1 ve T1B2 bor bileşikleri A549 hücre hattı üzerinde sitotoksik etkileri tespit edildi. Kontrol grubuna göre her iki bileşiğin tüm konsantrasyonlarında önemli düzeyde sitotoksik etki oluştuğu belirlendi (p<0.001). IC50 değerlerine baktı-ğımızda, T1B1 bileşiği için 48 saatte 15.84 µg/ml ve 72 saatte 12.22 µg/ml olarak, T1B2 bileşiği için 48 saatte 19.62 µg/ml ve 72 saatte 13.59 µg/ml olarak hesaplandı. Bu bor bileşiklerden T1B1’in sitotoksik aktivitesinin daha güçlü olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: A549 hücrelere uygulanan T1B1 ve T1B2 bor bileşiklerin artan zamana ve konsantrasyonlara bağlı olarak proliferas-yonu azalttığı ve sitotoksik etki oluşturduğunu belirledik. Gelecekte yeni sentezlenecek bor bileşiklerin kanser hücrelerin-deki biyokimyasal ve moleküler mekanizmalar üzerinde etki mekanizmalarının daha detaylı açıklanması kanserle mücade-lede ve tedavisindeki rolünün belirlenmesi açısından önemli olacaktır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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References

  • 1. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. (2024). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (version 1.1). Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from: https://gco.iarc.who.int/today, accessed 7 June 2024.
  • 2. Leiter A, Veluswamy RR, Wisnivesky JP. The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(9):624-639.
  • 3. Travis WD. Lung Cancer Pathology: Current Concepts. Clin Chest Med. 2020;41(1):67-85.
  • 4. Huang J, Deng Y, Tin MS, Lok V, Ngai CH, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE 3rd, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends for lung cancer incidence and mortality: A Global Analysis. Chest. 2022;161(4):1101-1111.
  • 5. Schabath MB, Cote ML. Cancer Progress and Priorities: Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(10):1563-1579.
  • 6. Li C, Lei S, Ding L, Xu Y, Wu X, Wang H, et al. Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Chin Med J (Engl). 2023;136(13):1583-1590.
  • 7. Howlader N, Forjaz G, Mooradian MJ, Meza R, Kong CY, Cronin KA, et al. The Effect of Advances in Lung-Cancer Treatment on Population Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 13;383(7):640-649.
  • 8. Pirker R. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2020;32(1):63-67..
  • 9. Aydın T, Gönen B, Eseceli H. Bor’un İnsan Sağlığı ve Beslenme Üzerine Etkisi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2018;9(2):119-122.
  • 10. Beyer KH, Bergfeld WF, Berndt WO, Boutwell RK, Carlton WW, Hoffmann DK et al. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium borate and boric acid. J Am Coll Toxicol. 1983;2(7):87-125.
  • 11. Scorei R. Is boron a prebiotic Element? A mini-review of the essentiality of boron for the appearance of life on earth. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 2012;42:3-17.
  • 12. Acaroz U, Ince S, Arslan-Acaroz D, Gurler Z, Kucukkurt I, Demirel HH et al. The ameliorative effects of boron against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic changes in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018;118:7.
  • 13. Küçükdoğru R, Türkez H, Arslan ME, Tozlu ÖÖ, Sönmez E, Mardinoğlu A et al. Neuroprotective effects of boron nitride nanoparticles in the experimental Parkinson’s disease model against MPP+ induced apoptosis. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2020;35:947-957.
  • 14. Cui Y, Winton MI, Zhang ZF, Rainey C, Marshall J, De Kernion JB et al. Dietary boron intake and prostate cancer risk Oncol Rep. 2004;11(4):887–892.
  • 15. Tanaka M, Fujiwara T. Physiological roles and transport mechanisms of boron: perspectives from plants. Pflugers Arch. 2008;456(4):671-7.
  • 16. Spielberg SP, Butler JD, Macdermot K, Schulman JD. Treatment of glutathione synthetase deficient fibroblasts by inhibiting gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity with serine and borate. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 1979;89(2):504–511.
  • 17. Hunt CD, Herbel JL, Idso JP. Dietary boron modifies the effects of exercise training on bone and energy substrate metabolism in the ra. FASEB J. 1993;7(3):A204–A204.
  • 18. Kilic A, Soylemez R, Okumus V. Design, spectroscopic properties and effects of novel catechol spiroborates derived from Schiff bases in the antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA binding activity. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 2022;960: 122228.
  • 19. Farfán-García ED, Kilic A, García-Machorro J, Cuevas-Galindo ME, Rubio-Velazquez BA, García-Coronel IH et al. Antimicrobial (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) mechanisms of action of boron-containing compounds, in: Bagchi D, Das A, Downs BW (Eds.), Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections, Academic Press, 2023:733–754.
  • 20. Yildirim M, Kilic A, Cimentepe M, Necip A, Turedi S. Synthesis of bioactive quercetin-boronate esters as a novel biological agent: enzyme inhibition, anti-microbial properties, computational insights and anti-cancer activity. J Mol Struct. 2025;1321(5):140216.
  • 21. Yildirim M, Yasar E, Necip A, Cimentepe M, Demirbağ B, Kilic A. Facile synthesis and spectral analysis of the bioactive spiroborate compounds as a novel therapeutic agent for computational insights, biological evaluation, and applications. J Organometal Chem. 2025;1027:123510.
  • 22. Erbaykent Tepedelen B, Korkmaz M. Effects of Natural and Synthetic Boron Compounds on Cancer Prevention and Cancer Treatment. In Boron and Human Health, Ankara: Nobel Publishing House, 2020:129-147.
  • 23. Huriyet H. Sodyum pentaboratın kanser ve sağlıklı insan akciğer hücreleri üzerindeki in vitro sitotoksik genotoksik ve radyobiyolojik etkilerinin araştırılması. Doktora Tezi. Bursa: Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024:85-94.
  • 24. Hacıoğlu C. Borik Asidin endoplazmik retikulum stresiyle ilgili proteinler aracılığıyla glioblastoma hücreleri üzerindeki antiproliferatif etkileri. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2024;46(2):217-2.
  • 25. Saylam M. Sepsis modeli oluşturulan sıçanlarda karaciğer hasarı üzerine borik asitin koruyucu etkisi. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2024;35-37.
  • 26. Kilic A, Balci TE, Arslan N, Aydemir M, Durap F, Okumus V, et al. Synthesis of cis-1,2-diol-type chiral ligands and their dioxaborinane derivatives: Application for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various ketones and biological evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem. 2020;34: e5835.
  • 27. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods. 1983;65(1-2): 55-63.
  • 28. Li Z, Tan S, Li S, Shen Q, Wang K. Cancer drug delivery in the nano era: An overview and perspectives. Oncology reports. 2017;38(2):611-624.
  • 29. De Pasquale D, Marino A, Tapeinos C, Pucci C, Rocchiccioli S, Michelucci E et al. Homotypic targeting and drug delivery in glioblastoma cells through cell membrane-coated boron nitride nanotubes. Mater Des. 2020;192:108742.
  • 30. Çoksever İ. Prostat kanseri hücrelerinde bor bileşiklerinin endoplazmik retikulum (er) stresine olan etkisinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021;1-108.
  • 31. Sevimli M, Bayram D, Özgöçmen M, Armağan I, Semerci Sevimli T. Boric acid suppresses cell proliferation by TNF signaling pathway mediated apoptosis in SW-480 human colon cancer line. J Trace Elem. Med Biol. 2022;71:126958.
  • 32. Hacıoğlu C, Davran F. Kolorektal kanser hücrelerinde boraksın Gpx4/ACSL4 sinyal yolu aracılığıyla sitotoksik etkileri. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer. 2023;13(1):54-60.
  • 33. Ersöz M. Borik asitin 8305C anaplastik tiroit kanseri hücrelerinde antioksidan ve anti-kanser aktivitesi. Gümüşhane Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;10(2):213-221.
  • 34. Kar F, Hacioğlu C, Kaçar S. The dual role of boron in vitro neurotoxication of glioblastoma cells via SEMA3F/NRP2 and ferroptosis signaling pathways. Environ Toxicol. 2023;38(1):70-77.
  • 35. Mohammed EE, Türkel N, Yigit UM, Dalan AB, Sahin F. Boron Derivatives Inhibit the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells and Affect Tumor-Specific T Cell Activity In Vitro by Distinct Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023;201(12):5692-5707.
  • 36. Yıldırım O, Seçme M, Dodurga Y, Mete GA, Fenkci SM. In Vitro Effects of Boric Acid on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025;203(2):799-809.
  • 37. Acerbo AS, Miller LM. Assessment of the chemical changes induced in human melanoma cells by boric acid treatment using infrared imaging. Analyst. 2009;134(8):1669-74.
  • 38. Albuz Ö, Dülger D, Tunali BÇ, Aydin F, Yalçin S, Türk M. Effects of B2O3 (boron trioxide) on colon cancer cells: our first-step experience and in vitro results. Turk J Biol. 2019;43(3):209-223.
  • 39. Tunçay, T. Çeşitli Bor Minerallerinin Göğüs ve Akciğer Kanser Türleri Üzerine Etkilerinin İn Vitro Olarak Araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011.
  • 40. Semerci Sevimli T, Ghorbani A, Sevimli M. Borik Asitin Anti-Proliferatif ve Anti-Apoptotik Etkilerinin İnsan Küçük Hücreli Dışı Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerinde TGF-β Sinyal Yolağı Üzerinden İncelenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;7(3):553-564.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medical Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other), Chemotherapy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nilgün Okşak 0000-0002-6058-9414

Ahmet Kılıç 0000-0001-9073-4339

Project Number Bu çalışma herhangi bir fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.
Early Pub Date September 23, 2025
Publication Date September 29, 2025
Submission Date February 20, 2025
Acceptance Date August 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 22 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Okşak N, Kılıç A. A549 Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerinde Biyoaktif Ajan Olarak Kiral Grup İçeren Bor Bileşiklerinin Sitotoksik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;22(3):594-600.