Adölesan Gebelikler Olumsuz Anne ve Bebek Sağlığı Sonuçlarıyla İlişkilendirilebilir mi?

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 456 - 461

Esra Söylemez , Ömer Tammo , Süleyman Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1708487

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, adölesan gebeliklerde maternal ve perinatal sonuçları değerlendirmek-tir.
Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmaya, 2022 ile 2024 yılları arasında Mardin Eğitim ve Araştırma Has-tanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği’nde doğum yapan 10 ila 19 yaş arası adölesanlar ve ye-nidoğan bebekleri dahil edildi. Veriler hasta dosyaları ve hastane veri tabanından retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Bulgular, maternal ve neonatal komplikasyonlar olarak iki grupta değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Neonatal ve maternal komplikasyon oranları adölesan grubunda erişkin gruba kıyasla an-lamlı derecede daha yüksek bulundu. Adölesanlarda anemi, eklampsi ve preeklampsi oranlarında artış gözlendi. İntrauterin gelişme geriliği (IUGR) ve yenidoğanın geçici takipnesi gibi neonatal komp-likasyonlar da adölesan grubunda daha sık görüldü. Adölesanlardan doğan bebeklerin 1. ve 5. dakika Apgar skorları anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, adölesan gebeliklerin, olumsuz maternal ve neonatal sonuçlar açısından daha yüksek risk taşıdığını doğrulamaktadır. Özellikle anemi ve hipertansif bozukluklar adölesan gebelik-lerde daha yaygın olarak gözlemlenmektedir. Bu bireylerin bebeklerinde düşük Apgar skoru, intra-uterin gelişme geriliği ve yenidoğanın geçici takipnesi gibi komplikasyonlar daha sık görülmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, adölesan gebelik oranlarını azaltmaya yönelik halk sağlığı müdahalelerinin önemini ve genç anneler ile bebeklerine kapsamlı destek sağlanmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamakta-dır.

Keywords

Adölesan gebelik, neonatal komplikasyonlar, maternal komplikasyonlar

Ethical Statement

Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi girişimsel olmayan klinik araştırmalar etik kurulu (Çalışma etik kurul no: 2024/9-4, Oturum tarihi: 10.09.2024)

Thanks

Mardin İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü

Can Adolescent Pregnancy Be Associated with Adverse Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes?

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes in adolescent pregnan-cies.
Materials and Methods: Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years and their newborns, who delivered at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Mardin Education and Research Hospital between 2022 and 2024, were included in the study. Data were retrospectively analyzed from patient files and the hospital database. Outcomes were grouped as maternal and neonatal complications.
Results: Neonatal and maternal complication rates were significantly higher in the adolescent group compared to the adult group. Adolescents experienced increased rates of anemia, eclampsia, and preeclampsia. Neonatal complications, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and tran-sient tachypnea of the newborn, were also more common in the adolescent group. The 1st and 5th minute Apgar scores of infants born to adolescents were significantly lower.
Conclusions: This study confirms that adolescent pregnancies are associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Anemia and hypertensive disorders are more commonly observed during pregnancy, especially in adolescents. Their newborns are more likely to have low Apgar scores, intrauterine growth restriction, and transient tachypnea of the newborn. These find-ings underscore the importance of prioritizing public health interventions aimed at reducing ado-lescent pregnancy rates and providing comprehensive support to young mothers and their infants.

Keywords

Adolescent pregnancy, neonatal complications, maternal complications

Ethical Statement

Mardin Artuklu University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Study ethics committee no: 2024/9-4, Session date: 10.09.2024).

Thanks

Mardin Provincial Health Directorate

References

• 1. World Health Organization. Adolescent pregnancy [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [cited 2023 Jan 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy
• 2. Kassa GM, Arowojolu AO, Odukogbe AA, Yalew AW. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: a systematic re-view and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018;15(1):195. doi:10.1186/s12978-018-0640-2
• 3. World Health Organization. Adolescent pregnancy factsheet 2014. Geneva: WHO; 2017.
• 4. Mombo-Ngoma G, Mackanga JR, González R, Ouedraogo S, Kakolwa MA, Manego RZ, et al. Young adolescent girls are at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: an observatio-nal multicountry study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(6):e011783. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011783
• 5. Maheshwari MV, Khalid N, Patel PD, Alghareeb R, Hussain A. Ma-ternal and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: a narrati-ve review. Cureus. 2022;14(6):e25921. doi:10.7759/cureus.25921
• 6. de la Calle M, Bartha JL, Lopez CM, Turiel M, Martinez N, Arribas SM, et al. Younger age in adolescent pregnancies is associated with higher risk of adverse outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public He-alth. 2021;18(16):8514. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168514
• 7. Mekonnen T, Dune T, Perz J. Maternal health service utilisation of adolescent women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping re-view. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):366. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2501-6
• 8. Ranjbar A, Shirzadfard Jahromi M, Boujarzadeh B, Roozbeh N, Mehrnoush V, Darsareh F. Pregnancy, childbirth and neonatal out-comes associated with adolescent pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Clin Med. 2023;3(2):100-105. doi:10.1016/j.gocm.2023.02.002
• 9. Diabelková J, Rimárová K, Dorko E, Urdzík P, Houžvičková A, Ar-galášová Ľ. Adolescent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4113. doi:10.3390/ijerph20054113
• 10. Ahinkorah BO, Kang M, Perry L, Brooks F, Hayen A. Prevalence of first adolescent pregnancy and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246308. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246308
• 11. Osterman MJK, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Driscoll AK, Valenzuela CP. Births: final data for 2022. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2024;73(2). Availab-le from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf
• 12. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Presidency of Strategy and Budget of the Re-public of Turkey, and TUBITAK; 2019. Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
• 13. de Vienne CM, Creveuil C, Dreyfus M. Does young maternal age increase the risk of adverse obstetric, fetal and neonatal outco-mes: a cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;147(2):151-6. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.08.006
• 14. Ganchimeg T, Ota E, Morisaki N, Laopaiboon M, Lumbiganon P, Zhang J, et al. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adoles-cent mothers: a WHO multicountry study. BJOG. 2014;121(Suppl 1):40-8. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12630
• 15. Geronimus AT, Korenman S. Maternal youth or family background? On the health disadvantages of infants with teenage mothers. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;137(2):213-25. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116662
• 16. Macedo TCC, Montagna E, Trevisan CM, Zaia V, de Oliveira R, Barbosa CP, et al. Prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in adolescent pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 291,247 adolescents worldwide since 1969. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;248:177-86. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.03.043
• 17. Pinho-Pompeu M, Surita FG, Pastore DA, Paulino DSM, Pinto E Silva JL. Anemia in pregnant adolescents: impact of treatment on perinatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;30(10):1158-62. doi:10.1080/14767058.2016.1205032
• 18. Zhou Y, Yin S, Sheng Q, Yang J, Liu J, Li H, et al. Association of maternal age with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective multicenter cohort study in China. J Glob Health. 2023;13:04161. doi:10.7189/jogh.13.04161
• 19. Mezmur H, Assefa N, Alemayehu T. An increased adverse fetal outcome has been observed among teen pregnant women in ru-ral Eastern Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. Glob Pe-diatr Health. 2021;8:2333794X21999154. doi:10.1177/2333794X21999154
• 20. Ogawa K, Matsushima S, Urayama KY, Kikuchi N, Nakamura N, Tanigaki S, et al. Association between adolescent pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a multicenter cross-sectional Japanese study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2365. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38999-5
• 21. Marvin-Dowle K, Kilner K, Burley VJ, Soltani H. Impact of adoles-cent age on maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Born in Brad-ford cohort. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e016258. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016258
• 22. Demirci O, Yılmaz E, Tosun Ö, Kumru P, Arınkan A, Mahmutoğlu D, et al. Effect of young maternal age on obstetric and perinatal outcomes: results from the tertiary center in Turkey. Balkan Med J. 2016;33(3):344-9. doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.150364
• 23. Zhang T, Wang H, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Tang Z, et al. The ad-verse maternal and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Hebei, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):339. doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03022-7
• 24. Ayenew AA. Incidence, causes, and maternofetal outcomes of obstructed labor in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):61. doi:10.1186/s12978-021-01103-0
• 25. Torvie AJ, Callegari LS, Schiff MA, Debiec KE. Labor and delivery outcomes among young adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(1):95.e1-95.e8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.04.024