Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus Strains from White Cheese Samples, Determination of Methicillin and Vancomycin Susceptibility with Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) Resistance Phenotypes

Abstract

Many pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, S. aureus) can be found in traditionally produced cheeses. This situation arises from the lack of raw milk quality standards, insufficient production hygiene, and the consumption of cheese before it is ripe, and it can pose a threat to public health. S. aureus is considered the most common causative agent of food poisoning after Salmonella spp. It is well known that humans and animals are the primary reservoirs for S. aureus contamination of food. This study examined 64 samples of salted white cheese sold unpackaged and open to contamination. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 24 of the samples tested. The API 20 Staph kit system was applied to 120 isolates by selecting five specific colonies from the positive samples, and 52 of these isolates were identified as S. aureus. We performed antibiogram tests on the recovered S. aureus isolates according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. While none of the identified isolates was vancomycin-resistant (VRSA), we found 6 (11.5%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and 46 (88.5%) were methicillin-sensitive (MSSA). While 4 (67%) of the isolated MRSA strains were resistant to erythromycin and 3 (50%) to clindamycin, 17 (37%) of the MSSA strains were resistant to erythromycin, and 7 (15.2%) to clindamycin. With or without methicillin resistance, 21 of all isolates (40.4%) showed resistance to erythromycin. In addition, 10 (19.2%) of all isolates showed both erythromycin and clindamycin resistance and 7 (13.5%) showed inducible clindamycin resistance. As a result, strains of S. aureus resistant to several antibiotics have been found in cured cheese sold unpackaged in neighborhood markets, posing a public health problem. It is necessary to pay attention to the hygiene and sanitary regulations applied to prevent this and to stop uncontrolled and unsupervised sales.

Beyaz Peynir Örneklerinden Staphylococcus aureus Suşlarının İzolasyonu, Makrolid-Linkozamid-Streptogramin B (MLSB) Direnç Fenotipleriyle, Metisilin ve Vankomisin Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Geleneksel olarak halk elinde üretilen peynirlerde çok sayıda patojen mikroorganizma (örn., Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, S. aureus) bulunabilmektedir. Bu durum, çiğ süt kalite standardının olmaması, üretim hijyeninin yetersizliği, peynirin olgunlaşmadan tüketime sunulması gibi nedenlerden kaynaklanmakta ve halk sağlığını tehdit eden bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. S. aureus, gıda zehirlenmesi vakalarında Salmonella spp.’den sonra en yaygın görülen patojen olarak kabul edilmektedir. S. aureus’un gıdalara kontaminasyonunda en önemli rezervuarı insan ve hayvanların oluşturduğu bilinmektedir. Bu araştırmada analizi yapılmak üzere ambalajsız olarak satılan ve kontaminasyona açık 64 adet salamura beyaz peynir numunesi kullanılmıştır. Analize alınan numunelerden 24’ünde koagulaz pozitif stafilokok tespit edilmiştir. Pozitif numunelerden spesifik 5 koloni seçilerek toplamda 120 izolata API 20 Staph kit sistemi uygulanmış ve bu izolatlardan 52’si S. aureus olarak identifiye edilmiştir. Elde edilen S. aureus izolatlarına Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) yönergeleri doğrultusunda antibiyogram testleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda tanımlanan izolatların hiçbiri vankomisine dirençli (VRSA) değilken, 6’sının (%11.5) metisiline dirençli (MRSA), 46’sının ise (% 88.5) metisiline duyarlı (MSSA) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İzole edilen MRSA suşlarından 4’ü (%67) eritromisine, 3’ü (%50) klindamisine dirençli iken, MSSA suşlarının 17’si (%37) eritromisine, 7’si (%15,2) klindamisine direnç göstermiştir. Metisilin direnci olsun ya da olmasın tüm izolatların (%40,4) 21’i Eritromisin direnci göstermiştir. Bunların dışında tüm izolatların (%19,2) 10’u hem Eritromisin hem de Klindamisin direnci göstermiş ve (%13,5) 7’sinde indüklenebilir Klindamisin direnci tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak semt pazarlarında ambalajsız olarak satışa sunulan salamura peynirlerde halk sağlığı için problem oluşturan çoklu antibiyotik dirençliliği gösteren S. aureus suşları tespit edilmiştir. Bunu önlemek amacıyla uygulanan hijyen ve sanitasyon kurallarına dikkat edilmesi, kontrolsüz ve denetimsiz satışların önlenmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• MRSA
• Peynir
• S.aureus
• Antibiyotik dirençliliği

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