Investigation of the Role of Some Selected Virus Species in Abnormality of Calves

Year 2023, , 86 - 92, 22.06.2023

Sümeyye Babacan , Hasan Abaylı , Şükrü Tonbak , Kenan Çağrı Tümer , Eren Polat , Mustafa İssi

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1268263

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Early embryonic death, fetal resorption, fetal mummification/maceration, abortion, and abnormalities are some of the causes of losses in farm animals. In this study, it was aimed to make recommendations to clinician veterinarians by investigating the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Akabane virus (AKAV), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) viruses in calves with congenital anomalies. A total of 34 calves of different breeds and sexes, between 1 day and 2 months of age which were brought to Fırat University Animal Hospital for diagnosis and treatment and found to have congenital anomalies after a general clinical examination during visits to the neighboring villages, were included in the study. The abnormalities detected in the calves were as follows: Hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia, brahignati inferior, mandibular laterognathism, arthrogryposis, cheilognathopalatoschisis, coccygeal agenesis, atresia ani, bouleture/arqure, ocular and orbital deformities, dermoid cysts, miniature, renal and urinary system anomalies. PCR results showed pestivirus was detected in 6 of 34 (17.6%) calves with abnormalities. After sequencing, the expected PCR product (288 nucleotides) for pestivirus showed high identity (97% and above) to the BVDV-1 strain/isolates in the GenBank. In conclusion, although the primary purpose of cattle breeding is high meat and milk yield, it is also very important to continue the production process with healthy newborn calves. For this reason, even if congenital anomalies are seen at a low rate in calves, they should not be underestimated as they will cause economic losses, and we believe that clinician veterinarians should not ignore these diseases.

Keywords

Congenital anomalies, Virus, Calf

Buzağı Anomalilerinde Seçilen Bazı Virüs Türlerinin Rolünün Araştırılması

Abstract

Erken embriyonik ölüm, fetal rezorpsiyon, fetal mumyalama/maserasyon, abort ve anormallikler çiftlik hayvanlarında kayıpların nedenlerinden bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmada, kongenital anomalili buzağılarda sığır viral diyare virüsü (BVDV), schmallenberg virüsü (SBV), akabane virüsü (AKAV) ve sığır herpes virüsü-1 (BHV-1) virüslerinin varlığı araştırılarak klinisyen veteriner hekimlere önerilerde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Fırat Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesi’ne teşhis ve tedavi için getirilen ve civar köylere yapılan ziyaretlerde genel klinik muayene sonrasında kongenital anomalisi olduğu belirlenen değişik ırk ve cinsiyetteki, 1 günlük ila 2 aylık yaş aralığında bulunan 34 buzağı çalışmaya alınmıştır. Buzağılarda tespit edilen anormallikler: hidrosefali, serebellar hipoplazi, brahignati inferior, mandibular laterognatizm, artrogripozis, cheilognatopalatoşizis, koksigeal agenezi, atresia ani, bouleture/arqure, oküler ve orbital deformiteler, dermoid kistler, minyatür, renal ve üriner sistem anomalileri. PCR sonuçlarına göre anomalili 34 buzağının 6'sında (%17,6) pestivirüs tespit edildi. Sekanslamanın ardından pestivirüs için beklenen PCR ürünü (288 nükleotit), GenBank'ta BVDV-1 suşu/izolatlarına yüksek özdeşlik (%97 ve üzeri) gösterdi. Sonuç olarak, sığır yetiştiriciliğinde birincil amaç yüksek et ve süt verimi gibi görünse de sağlıklı yeni doğan buzağılarla üretim sürecinin devam ettirilmesi de oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle buzağılarda doğumsal anomaliler düşük oranda görülse bile ekonomik kayıplara neden olacağı için hafife alınmaması ve klinisyen veteriner hekimlerin bu hastalıkları göz ardı etmemeleri gerektiğine inanıyoruz.

Keywords

Kongenital anomali, Virüs, Buzağı

References

• Ackermann M, Engels M, 2006: Pro and contra IBR-eradication. Vet Microbiol, 113 (3-4), 293-302.
• Agerholm JS, Hewicker‑Trautwein M, Peperkamp K, Peter A, 2015: Windsor Virus‑induced congenital malformations in cattle. Acta Vet Scand, 57 (1), 54.
• Aksoy F, 2001: Konjenital anomaliler: Tanımlama, sınıflama, terminoloji ve anomalili fetusun incelenmesi. Türk Patoloji Dergisi, 17, 57-62.
• Aksoy Ö, Kılıç E, Öztürk S, Özaydın İ, Kurt B, Baran V, 2006: Buzağı, kuzu ve oğlaklarda karşılaşılan doğmasal anomaliler: 1996-2005 (262 olgu). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 12 (2), 147-154.
• Aslan ME, Azkur AK, Gazyagci S, 2015: Epidemiology and genetic characterization of BVDV, BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5 and Brucella spp. infections in cattle in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci, 77 (11), 1371-1377.
• Belge A, Gönenci R, Selçukbiricik H, Ormanci S, 2000: Buzağılarda doğmasal anomali olguları. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 11 (2), 23-26.
• Berber E, Sözdutmaz İ, 2013: Elazığ, Malatya ve Tunceli illerinde koyunlarda görülen abort vakalarında pestivirusların rolünün araştırılması. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 27, 39-41.
• Bielefeldt Ohmann H, 1983: Pathogenesis of bovine virus diarhoea mucosal disease: Distribution and significance of BVDV Antigen in diseased calves. Res Vet Sci, 34, 5-10.
• Bowen RA, 2011: Bunyaviridae. In: Fenner’s Veterınary Virology, MacLachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ (Ed), 4th Editions, Elsevier Science Publishers, USA.
• Charles JA, 1994: Akabane virus. Vet Clin N Am-Food A, 10, 525-546.
• Doğan F, Bilge Dağalp S, 2017: Sığırlarda viral nedenli abort olgularının etiyopatogenezi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniv Sag Bil Enst Derg, 5 (1), 66-77.
• Fulton RW, Saliki JT, Confer AW, Burge LJ, d'Offay JM, Helman RG, Bolin SR, Ridpath JF, Payton ME, 2000: Bovine viral diarrhea virus cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes and type 1 and 2 genotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: Clinical and necropsy samples from cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest, 12 (1), 33-38.
• Gül Y, İssi M, 2009: Oküler dermoidli buzağılarda serum A vitamini ve karoten düzeyleri. YYU Vet Fak Derg, 20 (1), 19-20.
• Gül Y, İssi M, Çevik A, Gürçay M, Baydar E, Eroksuz H, 2013: Case report cerebellar hypoplasia associated with bovine viral diarrhoea BVD virus infection in a calf in Turkey. Rev Med Vet, 164 (10), 448-452.
• Gürçay M, İssi M, Gül Y, 2013: Investigation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cattle premises where aborts occur. Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg, 10 (2), 101-105.
• Herschler MS, Fechheimer NS, Gilmore LO, 1962: Congenital abnormalities in cattle: Their association with hereditary and environmental factors. J Dairy Sci, 45 (12), 1493-1499.
• İssi M, Gül Y, Baydar E, Gürçay M, Tümer KÇ, Parmaksız A, 2013: Kongenital ve anomalili bovin viral diyare virus enfeksiyonları. 10. Ulusal Veteriner İç Hastalıkları Kongresi (Uluslararası Katılımlı), Kapadokya, Türkiye, pp. 143.
• İssi M, Gülaçtı İ, Kızıl Ö, Karapınar T, Bulut H, Gül Y, 2006. Kliniğimizde gözlemlenen ve RT PCR ile doğrulanan mucosal disease olguları. FÜ Sağlık Bil Dergisi, 20 (3), 253-258.
• İssi M, Gül Y, Gürçay M, Gök T, 2012: Elazığ yöresindeki koyunlarda saptanan pestivirus enfeksiyonu. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 26 (3), 165-169.
• İssi M, Gül Y, Özçelik M, Gürçay M, Baydar E, Çevik A, 2014: Bovin viral diyare virüs enfeksiyonlu bir buzağıda görülen bukleli kıl örtüsü. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 28 (1), 45-48.
• King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ, 2012: Family Flavivirdae. In: Virus Taxonomy, Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Ed), 1003–1020, Academic Press, San Diego.
• King AMQ, Lefkowitz EJ, Mushegian AR, Adams MJ, Dutilh BE, Gorbalenya AE, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Junglen S, Knowles NJ, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Lambert AJ, Łobocka M, Nibert ML, Oksanen HM, Orton RJ, Robertson DL, Rubino L, Sabanadzovic S, Peter Simmonds P, Smith DB, Suzuki N, Dooerslaer KV, Vandamme AM, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, 2018: Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Archives Virol, 163, 2601-2631.
• Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K, 2018: MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol, 35, 1547-1549.
• Kurogi H, Inaba Y, Goto Y, Miura Y, Takahashi H, 1975. Serologic evidence for etiologic role of Akabane virus in epizootic abortion-arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly in cattle in Japan, 1972–1974. Arch Virol, 47 (1), 71-83.
• Lievaart-Peterson K, Luttikholt S, Peperkamp K, Van den Brom R, Vellema P, 2015. Schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: Past, present and future. Vet Microbiol, 181 (1-2), 147-153.
• Liu L, Kampa J, Belák S, Baule C, 2009: Virus recovery and full-length sequence analysis of atypical bovine pestivirus Th/04_KhonKaen. Vet Microbiol, 138, 62-68.
• Maclachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ, 2016. Bunyaviridae. In: Fenner’s Veterinary Virology, Maclachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ (Ed), 411-421, Elsevier Inc, San Diego, USA.
• MacLachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ, 2011: Flaviviridae. In: Fenner’s Veterinary Virology, Maclachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ (Ed), 467-481, 4th Edition, Academic Press, London, UK.
• Maxie MG, 2015: Kennedy & Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 6nd ed., Ontario.
• Metzler AE, Matile H, Gasmann U, Engels M, Wyler R, 1985. European isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1: A comparison of restriction endonuclease sites, polypeptides, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol, 85, 57-69.
• Miller JM, Whetstone CA, Van Der Maaten MJ, 1991. Abortifacient property of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates that represent three subtypes determined by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res, 52, 458-461.
• Mishra N, Rajukumar K, Pateriya A, Kumar M, Dubey P, Behera SP, Verma A, Bhardwaj P, Kulkarni DD, Vijaykrishna D, Reddy ND, 2014: Identification and molecular characterization of novel and divergent HoBi-like pestiviruses from naturally infected cattle in India. Vet Microbiol, 174 (1–2), 239-246.
• Muylkens B, Thiry J, Kirten P, Schynts F, Thiry E, 2007: Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet Res, 38, 181-209.
• Oğuzoğlu TC, Muz D, Yılmaz V, Timurkan MÖ, Alkan F, Akça Y, Burgu İ, 2012: Molecular characteristics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus 1 isolates from Turkey: Approaches for an eradication programme. Transbound Emerg Dis, 59(4), 303-310.
• Ok M, 2010: Bovine viral diyare mukozal hastalığı. In: Ruminantlarda Yaz Sorunları Beslenme ve Hastalıkları, Cebecioğlu A (Ed), 72-81, İnfovet, İstanbul.
• Ozaydın I, Kılıç E, Okumuş Z, Cihan M, 1995: 1992-1995 yılları arasında Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Kliniği’ne getirilen buzağılardaki doğmasal anomali olguları. Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi, 1 (2), 22-25.
• Peperkamp NH, Luttikholt SJ, Dijkman R, Vos JH, Junker K, Greijdanus S, Roumen MP, van Garderen E, Meertens N, van Maanen C, Lievaart K, van Wuyckhuise L, Wouda W, 2015: Ovine and bovine congenital abnormalities associated with intrauterine infection with Schmallenberg virus. Vet Pathol, 52, 1057-1066.
• Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD, 2008: Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed., Saunders Elsevier, Edinburgh, London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St Louis, Sydney, Toronto.
• Santurde G, Da Silva N, Villares R, E Tabares, Solana A, Bautista JM, Castro JM, 1996: Rapid and high sensitivity test for direct detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 genome in clinical samples. Vet Microbiol, 49, 81-92.
• Shin YK, Oem JK, Hyun BH, Tabares E, Solana A, Bautista JM, Castro JM, 2009: Monitoring of Five Bovine Arboviral Diseases Transmitted by Arthropod Vectors in Korea. J Bacteriol Virol, 39: 353-362.
• Spilki FR, Esteves PA, De Lima M, Franco AC, Chiminazzo C, Flores EF, Weiblen R, Driemeier D, Roehe PM, 2004: Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a). Pesq Vet Brasil, 24, 43-49.
• Tamer C, Okur Gumusova S, 2017: Viruslar ve teratogenez. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 28: 115-122.
• Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ, 1994: CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res, 22 (22), 4673-4680.
• Timurkan MÖ, Aydın H, 2019: Increased genetic diversity of BVDV strains circulating in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: First detection of BVDV-3 in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 51 (7), 1953-1961.
• Tonbak S, Azkur A, Pestil Z, Bıyıkli E, Abayli H, Baydar E, Poel W, Bulut H, 2016: Circulation of Schmallenberg virus in Turkey, 2013. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 40 (2), 175-180.
• van den Brom R, Luttikholt SJ, Lievaart-Peterson K, Peperkamp NH, Mars MH, van der Poel WH, Vellema P, 2012: Epizootic of ovine congenital malformations associated with Schmallenberg virus infection. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 137, 106-111.
• Vandevelde M, Higgins RJ, Oevermann A, 2012: Veterinary Neuropathology. 1th ed, Oxford.
• Vilcek S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ, 1994: Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Arch Virol, 136: 309-323.
• Windsor PA, Kessell AE, Finnie JW, 2011: Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. V: Congenital neurogenetic disorders of cattle. Aust Vet J, 89 (10), 394-401.
• Windsor PA, Agerholm JS, 2009: Review inherited diseases of Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Aust Vet J, 87 (5), 193-199.
• Yildiz H, Safak T, Timurkaan N, Abayli H, Cevik A, 2022: Border disease virusu ile enfekte bir kuzuda monosefaliyen sefalotorakopagus olgusu. FÜ Sağ Bil Vet Derg, 36 (2), 140-144.
• Yurdakul I, Yalçın M, Karataş O, 2020: Bir buzağıda çoklu kongenital anomali olgusu. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 17 (3), 342-345.