Yeni Zelanda Tavşanı Cranium’unun Geometrik Morfometrik Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Yeni Zelanda tavşanı kafatasının şekilsel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu özellikler bakımından bireyler arası ve cinsiyetler arası farklılıkların ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla geometrik morfometri yöntemi kullanıldı. Toplamda 10 adet dişi ve 10 adet erkek Yeni Zelanda Tavşanı kafatası kullanıldı. Kafatasları dorsal, ventral ve lateral görünümde, mandibula lateral görünümde fotoğraflandı. Fotoğraflar üzerinde homolog londmarklar işaretlendi. Konsensüs grafikleri TpsRelw (Sürüm 1.70) programı tarafından oluşturuldu. Ayrıca temel bileşen analizi ve relative warp analizi yapıldı. Çalışma sonucunda temel bileşenler, kafatasının dorsal, ventral ve lateral görünümlerindeki toplam şekil farkının sırasıyla %34,813, %57,225 ve %42,427'sini açıklamaktadır. Temel bileşenler analizi sonucunda elde edilen birinci temel bileşenler grafiğinde cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı bir kümelenme gözlenmedi. MorphoJ programında elde edilen grafiklere göre bireyler arası varyasyonun en çok viscerocranium'da, ardından da neurocranium’da olduğu tespit edildi. Bu çalışmanın tavşan kafatasları üzerinde yapılacak morfolojik ve arkeolojik çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

Keywords

• Cinsiyet
• Geometrik morfometri
• kafatası
• Mandibula
• Tavşan

Geometric morphometric analysis of new zealand rabbit cranium

Abstract

This study, aimed to determine the shape features of the New Zealand rabbit skull and to reveal the differences between individuals and genders in terms of shape features. For this purpose, the geometric morphometry method was used. A total of 10 female and 10 male New Zealand Rabbit craniums were used. The skulls were photographed in a dorsal, ventral and lateral view, and the mandible was photographed in a lateral view. Homologous landmarks were marked on the photographs. Consensus graphs were created by the TpsRelw (Version 1.70) program. Additionally, principal component analysis and relative warp analysis were performed. As a result of the study, principal components explained 34.813%, 57.225% and 42.427% of the total shape difference in the dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the skull, respectively. In the first principal component graph obtained as a result of principal component analysis, no significant clustering was observed between genders. According to the graphics obtained in the MorphoJ program, inter-individual variation was detected mainly in the viscerocranium, followed by the neurocranium. This study will contribute to morphological and archaeological studies on rabbit skulls.

Keywords

• Gender
• Geometric morphometry
• mandible
• rabbit
• skull

References

1. Adams DC, Rohlf FJ, Slice DE, 2004: Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Ital J Zool, 71, 5-16.
2. Aytek Aİ, 2017: Geometrik Morfometri. MASROP E-Dergi, 11, 1-7.
3. Bookstein FL, 1997: Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press. Boz İ, Manuta N, Özkan E, Kahvecioğlu O, Pazvant G, Ince N G, Gundemir O, 2023: Geometric morphometry in veterinary anatomy. Veterinaria, 72(1), 15-27.
4. Böhmer C, Böhmer E, 2017: Shape variation in the craniomandibular system and prevalence of dental problems in domestic rabbits: a case study in evolutionary veterinary science. Vet Sci, 4(1), 5.
5. Casanova P, Miquel P, 2021: Diferente Asimetría Craneal Según Sexo en el Conejo Toy. Int J Morphol, 39(3), 864-868.
6. Casanova P, Pere M, Lloveras L, Nadal J, 2019: Skull sexual dimorphism appears in toy rabbits. Commun Fac Sci Univ Ankara Series C Biology, 28(2), 225-231.
7. Demiraslan Y, Demircioğlu İ, Gürbüz İ, Aksünger Karaavci F, Ortadeveci A, Özgel Ö, 2023: Could there be a relationship between feeding charasteristics and the shape of condylus occipitalis of foramen magnum in mammals? Turkish J Vet and Anim Sci, 47, 386 - 486.
8. Demircioğlu İ, Demiraslan Y, Gürbüz İ, Dayan MO, 2021: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Skull and Mandible in Awassi Ewe and Ram. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 27, 43-49.

9. Duro S, Gündemir O, Sönmez B, Jashari T, Szara T, Pazvant G, Kambo A, 2021: A different perspective on sex dimorphism in the adult Hermann's tortoise: geometric morphometry. Zool Stud, 60.
10. Erol AS, Aytek Aİ, 2016: Antik Anadolu toplumlarının geometrik morfometrik karşılaştırılmaları. Doctoral dissertation, Antropoloji (Paleoantropoloji) Anabilim Dalı, Ankara Üniv Enstitue of Sosial Science, Ankara/Türkiye.
11. Farag FM, Daghash SM, Khalifa EFM, Hussein MM, Hagrass S, 2012: Anatomical studies on the skull of the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with special reference to the hyoid apparatus. J Vet Anat, 5(2), 49-70.
12. Figueirido B, Serrano AFJ, Palmqvist P, 2012: Geometric morphometrics shows differences and similarities in skull shape between the red and giant pandas. J Zool, 286 (4), 293-302.
13. Güleç E, Sağır M, İsmail ÖZER, 2003: İnsan İskeletlerinde Foramen Magnum'dan Cinsiyet Tayini. Ankara Üniv DTCF Derg, 43(1), 1-9.
14. Gündemir O, Özkan E, İnce NG, Pazvant G, Demircioğlu İ, Aydoğdu S, Dayan MO, 2020: Investigation of Os Coxae in Horses Using Geometric Morphometry Method. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 9, 170-176.
15. Gündemir O, Szara T, Eravcı E, Karabağlı M, Mutlu Z, Yılmaz O, Büyükünal SK, Blagojevic M, Parés-Casanova PM, 2023: Examination of Shape Variation of the Skull in British Shorthair Scottish Fold and Van Cats. Animals, 13 (614), 1–11.
16. Gürbüz İ, Aytek A, Demiraslan Y, Onar V, Özgel Ö, 2020: Geometric morphometric analysis of cranium of wolf (Canis lupus) and German shepherd dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 26, 525-532.
17. Gürbüz İ, Demiraslan Y, Aslan K, 2015: Morphometric analysis of the skull of New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) according to gender. Arc J Anim Vet Sci, 1(2), 27-32.
18. Gürbüz İ, Demiraslan Y, Rajapakse C, Weerakoon DK, Fernando S, Spataru MC, Gündemir O, 2022: Skull of the Asian Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus and the golden Paradoxurus Zeylonensis palm civet Geometric morphometric analysis using palate tooth and frontal landmarks. Anat Histol Embryol, 51(6), 718–727.
19. Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD, 2001: Past: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron, 4(1), 1-9.
20. Kabak M, Gültiken ME, Onuk B, 2007: Yeni Zelanda tavşanında (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) articulatio temporomandibularis ve çiğneme kaslarının anatomisi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 54(3), 149-15.
21. Klingenberg CP, 2011: MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometrik morphometrics. Mol Ecol Resour, 11, 353-357.
22. Kozma C, Macklin W, Cummins LM, Mauer R, 1974: Anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the rabbit. The biology of the laboratory rabbit, 12(1), 55-58.
23. Kraatz B, Sherratt E, 2016: Evolutionary morphology of the rabbit skull. PeerJ, 4, e2453.
24. Mapara M, Thomas BS, Bhat KM, 2012: Rabbit as an animal model forexperimental research. Dent Res J, 9(1), 111-118.
25. McLaughlın CA, Chıasson RB, 1979: Laboratory Anatomy of the Rabbit. Wm C Brown Publishers, USA.
26. Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, 2009: Advances in Geometric Morphometrics. Evol Biol, 36, 235-247.
27. Rohlf FJ, 2017: TpsSmall Version 1.34. Ecology & Evolution, SUNY at Stone Brook, USA.
28. Rohlf FJ, 2018: TpsDig Version 2.31. Ecology & Evolution, SUNY at Stone Brook, USA.
29. Rohlf FJ, 2019: TpsUtil program Version 1.79. Ecology & Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY. Scheuer L, 2002: Application of Osteology to Forensic Medicine. Clin Anat, 15, 297-312.
30. Schmolke C, 1994: The relationship between the temporomandibular joint capsule, articular disc and jaw muscles. J Anat, 184(2), 335.
31. Slice DE, 2007: Geometrik morphometrics. Annu Rev Anthropol, 36, 261-281.
32. Szara T, Duro S, Gündemir O, Demircioğlu İ, 2022: Sex determination in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) using geometric morphometrics of the skull. Animals, 12(3), 302.
33. Taibo A, 2014: Veterinary Medical Terminology Guide and Workbook. 2nd ed., WILEY.
34. Velasco JM, Vazquez JR, Collado JJ, 1993: The relationships between the temporomandibular joint disc and related masticatory muscles in humans. J Maxillofac Surg, 51 (4), 390-395.
35. Yalçın H, Kaya MA, 2009: Anadolu yaban koyunu ve Akkaraman koyununun kafa kemikleri üzerinde karşılaştırılmalı geometrik morfometri. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg, 2, 105-116.
36. Yaprak A, Özgel Ö, Demiraslan Y, 2023: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Skull in Honamlı, Hair, Kilis and Saanen Goat Using Dorsal Landmarks. Kocatepe Vet J, 16(1), 86-92.
37. Zelditch ML, Swiderski DL, Sheets HD, Fink WL, 2004: Geometric morphometrics for biologists: A primer. Elsevier Academic Press.