Localisation of leptin, ghrelin, their receptors, obestatin and GPR39 in the cow placenta during pregnancy

Abstract

Several peptides are expressed in the uterine endometrium and placenta during implantation, suggesting that chemical mediators play an important role in the feto-maternal relationship. Peptide hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, and obestatin are produced in the bovine placenta and play major roles in nutrient distribution and regulation of energy balance, as well as in placental and fetal growth. We evaluated the spatio-temporal expression patterns of leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39, and their receptors (OB-R, GHS-R) in the bovine placental and interplacentomal tissues during pregnancy in the uteri of 44 pregnant Holstein cows. During pregnancy, leptin, ghrelin, and obestatin, GPR39, as well as their receptors (OB-R, GHS-R), were present in fetal trophoblasts (uninucleate trophoblasts (UTC), binucleate and multinucleate trophoblasts (BNC/TGC)). Epithelial cells of the maternal placenta showed moderate leptin and OB-R expression at similar levels across the three gestational periods. Ghrelin was expressed in fetal uninucleate trophoblasts (UTC) and multinucleate trophoblasts (BNC/TGC), especially during the second period of pregnancy. Strong cytoplasmic expression of obestatin and GPR39 was observed in UTC and BNC/TGC throughout gestation. Moderate to strong expression of leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39 and their receptors was detected in luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the interplacentomal region during pregnancy. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that these peptide hormones and their receptors were found in the cytoplasm of many cells in the fetal and maternal tissues during pregnancy. These results suggest that leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, and their receptors could be involved in the growth and development of the placenta via placental and interplacentomal expression.

Keywords

• GHS-R
• leptin
• maternal epithelium
• obestatin
• placenta
• trophoblasts

Gebelik Süresince Inek Plasentasında Leptin, Ghrelin, Reseptörleri, Obestatin ve GPR39'un Lokalizasyonu

Abstract

İmplantasyon sırasında uterus endometriumunda ve plasentada çeşitli peptitler eksprese edilir, bu da kimyasal mediatörlerin fetus-anne ilişkisinde önemli bir rol oynadığını düşündürür. Leptin, ghrelin ve obestatin gibi peptit hormonları sığır plasentasında üretilir ve besinlerin dağıtımında ve enerji dengesinin düzenlenmesinde, ayrıca plasenta ve fetüsün büyümesinde önemli rol oynar. 44 gebe Holstein sığırlarının plasenta ve interplasental dokularında leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39 ve bunların reseptörlerinin (OB-R, GHS-R) dönemsel ekspresyon modellerini değerlendirdik. Gebelik sırasında leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39 ile bunların reseptörleri (OB-R, GHS-R) fetal trofoblastlarda (tek çekirdekli trofoblastlar (UTC), çift çekirdekli ve çok çekirdekli trofoblastlar (BNC/TGC) mevcuttu. Anne plasentasının epitel hücreleri, üç gebelik döneminde nispeten benzer seviyelerde orta derecede leptin ve OB-R ekspresyonu gösterdi. Ghrelin, özellikle gebeliğin ikinci döneminde fetal tek çekirdekli trofoblastlardan (UTC) ve çok çekirdekli trofoblastlardan (BNC/TGC) eksprese edildi. Gebelik boyunca UTC ve BNC/TGC'de obestatin ve GPR39'un güçlü sitoplazmik ekspresyonu gözlendi. Hamilelik sırasında interplasentomal bölgedeki lümen ve glandüler epitel hücrelerinde leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39 ve bunların reseptörlerinin orta ila güçlü ekspresyonu tespit edildi. İmmünohistokimyasal analizler, bu peptid hormonların ve reseptörlerinin hamilelik sırasında fetal ve maternal dokulardaki birçok hücrenin sitoplazmasında bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, leptin, ghrelin, obestatin, GPR39 ve bunların reseptörlerinin plasental ve interplasental ekspresyon yoluyla plasentanın büyüme ve gelişiminde rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

• GHS-R
• leptin
• maternal epitel
• obestatin
• plasenta
• trofoblastlar

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