A Clinical and Radiological Comparative Assessment of Transverse Mid-Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in Cats After Osteosynthesis with Mini Titanium and Resorbable Plates

Abstract

The aim of this study is to make a clinical and radiological assessment of whether titanium mini plates and resorbable plates are sufficient to provide a functional recovery for the treatment of femur fractures in cats. Animals used in this study were 10 cats brought with complaint of fracture caused by various traumatic reasons and diagnosed on transversal mid-diaphyseal femur fractures by clinical and radiological examination. In all cases, the procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Osteosynthesis was performed by placing mini titanium plate and resorbable plate with appropriate technique. During the first post-operative day, in all cases, recurrent fractures were observed in various ways. The operation performed again with same technique by replacing implants with the new and the same one. At the first post-operative day of new operation, fractures were observed in all cases. Consequently; even the increased chance of success due to low loading level (eg. Craniomaksillofasial surgery) along the operation regions and the positive effects of preventive measures like bandage usage, it is unable to sustain the stabilization in the  femur diaphysis where the force has too much influence on it. Additionally it was concluded that the application of 2.0 mm mini titanium plates and 2.5 mm resorbable plates that we used for mid-diaphyseal femur fractures in cats are clinically not useful because these materials are expensive and require special tools during the application.

Keywords

• Femur,Fracture,Mini titanium plate,Resorbable plate

A Clinical and Radiological Comparative Assessment of Transverse Mid-Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in Cats After Osteosynthesis with Mini Titanium and Resorbable Plates

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı titanyum mini plak ve rezorbe olabilen plağın kedilerde femur kırıklarının sağaltımlarında fonksiyonel bir iyileşme sağlayabilecek yeterlikte olup olmadıklarının klinik ve radyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmanın hayvan materyalini değişik travmatik nedenlere maruz kalmaları sonucu oluşmuş kırık şikâyeti ile getirilen, klinik ve radyolojik muayenelerini sonucunda femurun orta diyafizer transversal kırığı tanısı konulan 10 adet kedi oluşturdu.Tüm olgularda, işlemler genel anestezi altında yapıldı. Mini titanyum plak ve rezorbe olabilen plak tekniğine uygun şekilde yerleştirilerek osteosentez işlemi gerçekleştirildi. Postoperatif 1. günde tüm olgularda çeşitli şekillerde tekrar kırık oluşumu gözlendi. Operasyon aynı şekilde tekrarlandı ve bölgeye aynı implantların yenileri yerleştirildi. Tekrar postoperatif 1. günde tüm olgularda kırık şekillendiği saptandı. Sonuç olarak; özellikle uygulandığı bölgelerdeki yüklerin az olması (örn. Kraniomaksillofasial cerrahi) ve bandaj gibi koruyucu önlemler alınması bu implantlarda başarı sansını arttırsa da, kuvvetin çok fazla etkilediği femurun diyafiz bölgesinde stabilizasyonu koruyamamaktadırlar. Ayrıca pahalı olmaları ve uygulanmaları sırasında kendilerine özgü ekipman gerektirmeleri gibi nedenlerden dolayı kullandığımız 2.0 mm mini titanyum plak ve 2.5 mm rezorbe olabilen plak kedilerde femurun orta diyafizer kırıklarında klinik olarak kullanımlarının yararlı olmadığı kanısına varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Femur,Kırık,Mini titanyum plak,Rezorbe olabilen plak

References

1. Aslanbey D, 2002: Veteriner Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji. 2nd ed, Medipres Yayınevi, pp 25-42, Ankara.
2. Bilgili H, 2002: The use of mini-titanium plates for osteosynthesis in extremity fractures located near joints in cats and dogs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 2, 1289-1295.
3. Brinker WO, Piermattei DL, Flo GL, 1983: Handbook of Small Animals Orthopedics and Fracture Treatment. 1st ed, W.B. Saunders Company, pp 514-530, Philadelphia.
4. Deangelis M, 1975: Fractures of the femur. In: Bojrab MJ, Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery, Lea and Febinger, pp 453-448, Philadelphia.
5. Done SH, Goody PC, Evans SA, Stickland NC, 1996: Colour Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy, 2nd ed, pp 100-110, Mosby, UK.
6. Dursun N, 2001: Veteriner Anatomi III. 1st ed, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara, pp 22-23.
7. Harari J, 2002: Treatments for feline long bone fractures. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 32, 927-947.
8. Jank S, Vaananen P, Kloss FR, Nurmi JT, Nuutinen JP, Jakonen S, Happonen H, 2010: Pullout strength of a biodegradable free form osteosynthesis plate. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgey, 38, 517-521.

9. Jank S, Vaananen P, Nurmi JT, Nuutinen JP, Happonen H, Haers P, 2007: Three-point bending strength of a biodegradable ‘‘free-form’’ osteosynthesis plate. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, 65, 1080.
10. Johnston SA, Lancaster RL, Hubbard RP, 1991: A biomechanical comparison of 7 hole 3.5 mm broad and 5 hole 4,5 mm narrow dynamic compression plates. Veterinary Surgery, 20, 235-239.
11. Mcduffee L, Strover SM, Taylor KT, 1997: An in vitro biomechanical investigation of the mechanical properties of dynamic compression plated osteotomized adult equine tibiae. Veterinary Surgery, 26, 126-136.
12. Olmstead ML, 1991: Complications of fractures repaired with plates and screws. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 21, 669-686.
13. Piermattei DL, Flo GL, Decamp CE, 2006: Handbook of Small Animals Orthopedics and Fracture Repair. 4th ed, W.B. Saunders Company, pp 512-557, Philadelphia.
14. Schmelzeisen R, Mciff T, Rahn B, 1992: Further development of titanium miniplate fixation for mandibular fractures. Experience gained and questions raised from a prospective clinical pilot study with 2.0 mm fixation plates. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgey, 20, 251-56.
15. Seber S, 1997: Biodegradable fiksasyon malzemeleri. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 31, 171-175.
16. Simpson DJ, Lewis DD, 2002: Fractures of femur. In: Slatter D, Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. Saunders Company, pp 2072-2078, Philadelphia.
17. Süer C, Sağlam M, 2006: Distribution of traumatic hind limb lesions and clinical studies of treatment possibilities in dogs. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 53, 15-23.
18. Tüzün B, Sağlam M, 2009: Feline high-rise syndrome. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 56, 193-199.
19. Ünlüsoy İ, Bilgili H, 2005: Köpeklerde intrameduller çivileme teknikleri ve uygulama alanları. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 52, 85-91.
20. Wallace AM, 2009: Feline combined diaphseal radial and ulnar fractures. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 22, 38-46.
21. Trimed İlaç Medikal San.Tic.Ltd.Şti. (1998) http://www.trimed.com.tr. [accessed 10 April 2014].