Beslenme ve Epigenetik

Year 2018, Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 2018 Special Issue, 12 - 18, 18.12.2018

Belgin Sırıken Fatih Sırıken Cengiz Ünsal Gülay Çiftci

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.501391

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Epigenetik, DNA diziliminde herhangi bir değişiklik
olmaksızın kromatin ve DNA’da reverzibil nitelikte meydana gelen moleküler
değişiklikleri kapsayan kalıtsal mitotik çalışmalar olarak tanımlanır. Başlıca epigenetik
süreçler metilasyon, kromatin modifikasyonu, fosforilasyon, ubiquitinilasyon ve
sumuilasyondur. Bunlar arasında, DNA metilasyonu ile kromatin modifikasyonu en
iyi bilinenidir. Kromatin, çekirdekte bir araya getirilen bir protein (histon)
ve DNA kompleksidir. Bu kompleks, mikroRNA’lar ve küçük RNA interferansı (RNA
girişimi) gibi bazı RNA formları, enzimler ve asetil gruplar gibi maddeler
tarafından değiştirilebilir. Bu değişiklikler gen ifadesinin etkilenmesine neden
olarak kromatin yapılarını da değiştirir. Epigenetik modifikasyonlar, büyümenin
kritik dönemlerindeki beslenme ve hastalıklara yol açabilen gen ifadelerindeki
değişmeler arasında potansiyel bir bağlantı sağlar. Bu nedenle, epigenetik
işaretlerin çevre, beslenme ve hastalıklar arasında mekanik bir bağlantı
sağladığı kabul edilmektedir. Besinler ve biyoaktif gıda bileşenleri ya direk
olarak DNA metilasyonu ile histon modifikasyonunu katalize eden enzimleri
inhibe ederek ya da bütün enzimatik reaksiyonlar için gerekli ulaşılabilir
substratları değiştirmek suretiyle epigenetik fenomenleri etkileyebilir. Örneğin,
yeşil çay yapraklarında bulunan folatlar, kahve, hububat taneleri, erik ve kivi
meyvelerinde bulunan sinnamik asit, yeşil çaydan elde edilen
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) gibi fenoller, kırmızı üzüm ve ürünlerinde
bulunan resveratrol, turpgillerde bulunan izotiyosiyanat ve sulforafan, keten tohumundaki
lignanlar, selenyum ve bazı vitaminler epigenetik besinler olarak
değerlendirilir. Bu derlemenin amacı epigenetik değişikliklerle
beslenme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Epigenetik, Besinler, Beslenme, Hastalık

Nutrition and Epigenetic

Abstract

Epigenetics is defined as the
mitotically heritable studies on potentially reversible, molecular
modifications of DNA and chromatin without any alteration in DNA sequence. Many types of epigenetic processes have been identified such as methylation,
chromatin modification, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and
sumolyation. However, DNA methylation and chromatin modification are the best
known epigenetic processes. Chromatin is the a complex of proteins and DNA (histones)
in the nucleus. The complex can be modified by substances such as acetyl
groups, enzymes and some RNA forms like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs.
This modification alters chromatin structure to influence gene expression. Epigenetic modifications provide a potential link
between the nutrition during critical periods in development and changes in
gene expression that may cause disease. It is recognized that epigenetic marks
provide a mechanistic link among environment, nutrition and disease. Nutrients
and bioactive food components can ifluence epigenetic phenomena either directly
by inhibiting enzymes that catalyze DNA metylation, histone modifications, or
by altering the necessary substrates availability for enzymatic reactions. For
example, folate from green leafy vegetables, cinnamic acids from coffee, grain
cereals, plums and kiwifruit, polyphenols like epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG),
resveratrol, sulforaphane and isothiocyanates, lignans from green tea, red
grapes and their products, cruciferous vegetables, linseed, respectively, selenium
and vitamin are considered as epigenetic nutritions. The aim of the review have
shown that the link between nutrition in epigenetic changes.

Keywords

Epigenetic, Nutrition, Diet, Diseases

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