Morphological Characteristics of Şanlıurfa Yapışan (Tumbler) Pigeons (Columba livia domestica)

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 106 - 112, 15.05.2022

Romedi Çelik

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1109349

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Şanlıurfa is referred to as one of the pigeon domestication centers. It is also believed that most of the pigeon breeds in Turkey originated from Şanlıurfa pigeons. This study was carried out to determine the morphological characteristics of the Şanlıurfa Yapışan (Tumbler) pigeon native to Şanlıurfa in Turkey. The animal material of the study, according to their age, was 06-12 months (Group 1, n=43), 13-24 months (Group 2, n=49), and > 24 months (Group 3, n=36), as well as male (n=65) and female (n=63) 128 heads of Yapışan pigeons. Chosen for their ability to somersault or roll backwards during flight, Tumbler pigeons are one of the domesticated pigeons descended from the Rock pigeon. All the Yapışan pigeons have trotters. The trotter feathers are soft, curved to the side, overlapping, and give the foot a thick appearance. The leg pads above the elbow are curved in and out, giving the feeling of covering between the legs, and the pads do not go beyond the toes. The difference between the sex groups was statistically significant in terms of all the other features except tail length in the morphological features examined. The effect of age on wingspan (P<0.001), wing length (P<0.05) and, tail length (P<0.001) was determined to be significant. The findings of this study verified the view that Yapışan pigeons are a breed. Supporting this result with future genetic characterization and similar studies will be meaningful.

Keywords

Biyodiversity, Gene sources, Morphological characteristcs, Pigeon

Supporting Institution

This research was supported by Harran University Project Office with project no: 21190.

Project Number

21190

Thanks

We would like to thank our valuable pigeon-loving breeders, who provided us with convenience in terms of obtaining the necessary data for the study in a healthy way and putting their valuable pigeons into the service of the study. We also thank the Harran University Project Office, which supported this research with project number 21190, for their support.

Şanlıurfa Yapışan (Tumbler) Güvercinlerin (Columba livia domestica) Morfolojik Özellikleri

Abstract

Şanlıurfa güvercin evcilleştirme merkezlerinden biri olarak anılır. Türkiye'deki güvercin ırklarının çoğunun Şanlıurfa güvercinlerinden geldiğine inanılmaktadır. Şanlıurfa Yapışan (Taklacı) güvercinleri, yüzyıllardır Şanlıurfalı yetiştiricilerin ilgisini çeken önemli taklacı ıklardan biridir. Bu çalışma Şanlıurfa ve Türkiye'ye özgü Yapışan güvercinlerin morfolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın hayvan materyalini, yaşlarına göre 06-12 ay (Grup 1, n=43), 13-24 ay (Grup 2, n=49), ve > 24 ay (Grup 3, n=36) ayrıca farklı cinsiyet gruplarından erkek (n=65) ve dişi (n=63) olmak üzere toplam 128 baş Yapışan güvercini oluşturmuştur. Uçuş sırasında takla atma veya geriye doğru yuvarlanma yetenekleri nedeniyle seçilen Taklacı güvercinleri, Kaya güvercininin soyundan gelen evcil güvercinlerden biridir.Yapışan güvercinlerin hepsinde paça mevcuttur. Ayağa kalın bir görünüm kazandıran paça tüyleri üst üste binik olup yumuşak ve yana kıvrıktır. Dirseğin üstündeki bacak pedleri içe ve dışa doğru kavisli olup bacaklar arasında örtü hissi verir ve pedler ayak parmaklarını geçmez. İncelenen morfolojik özelliklerde, kuyruk uzunluğu dışındaki diğer tüm özellikler açısından cinsiyet grupları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Yaşın kanat açıklığı (P<0.001), kanat uzunluğu (P<0.05) ve kuyruk uzunluğu (P<0.001) üzerindeki etkisi istatiski olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Yapışan güvercinlerin bir ırk olduğu görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bu sonucun ileride yapılacak genetik karakterizasyon ve benzeri çalışmalarla desteklenmesi anlamlı olacaktır.

Keywords

Biyodiversty, Gene sources, Morphological characteristics, Pigeon

Project Number

21190

References

• Atasoy F, Erdem E, Hacan ÖG 2013: Determination of morphological characteristics of tumbler pigeons in province of Ankara (Columba livia domestica). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 60, 135-143.
• Balcı F, Ardıçlı S, Alpay F, Dinçel D, Soyudal B, Mehlika E R 2018: The determination of some morphological characteristics of Bursa Oynarı pigeon breed. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(4), 349-355.
• Baptista L, Martínez gómez JE, Horblit HM, 2009: Darwın’s pigeons and the evolution of the columbiformes: recapitulation of ancient genes. Acta Zoológica Mexicana, 25 (3),719-741.
• Bartels T 2003: Variations in the morphology, distribution, and arrangement of feathers in domesticated birds. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol, 298, 91-108.
• Biray B 2019: Mitochondrial DNA analyses of domestic pigeon breeds (columba livia domestica) in Turkey. Master's thesis, Middle East Technical University.
• Blasco R, Finlayson C, Rosell J, Marco A S, Finlayson S, Finlayson G, Vidal J R 2014: The earliest pigeon fanciers. Scientific Reports, 4(1), 1-7. Bond CJ 1919: On certain factors concerned in the production of eye colour in birds. Journal of Genetics, 9(1), 69-81.
• Casanova PMPI 2013: Morphological similarities between Spanish pigeon breeds. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 37(3), 346-351.
• Çelik R 2021: Diyarbakır’a özgü güvercin ırkları. Medipres Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti.Malatya.
• Cobo-Simón I, Márquez‐Rodríguez J, Méndez‐Cea B, Gallego FJ, Pérez‐Fernández M 2020: Understanding the morphological and genetic distinctiveness of the Spanish pouter pigeons: the Marchenero Pouter as a case study. Ibis, 162(3), 766-777.
• Darwin C 1976: Türlerin Kökeni. İkinci Baskı. Onur Yayınları, Özyurt matbaası. Ankara.
• Darwin CR: The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication. Asa.GRAY. Newyork.1868.
• Domestic Pigeon 2022: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_pigeon, Accessed January 07, 2022.
• Domyan ET, Shapiro MD 2017: Pigeonetics takes flight: evolution, development, and genetics of intraspecific variation. Developmental Biology, 427(2): 241-250.
• Duncan DB 1955: Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11, 1-42.
• Erdem E, ÖZBAŞER F T, GÜRCAN E K, Soysal MI 2021: The morphological and morphometric characteristics of Alabadem pigeons. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 45(2), 372-379.
• Helms JA, Brugmann SA 2007: The Origins of species-specific facial morphology: the proof is in the Pigeon. Integrative and Comparative. Biology, 47 (3), 338-342.
• Hollander WF, Owen R D 1939: Iris pigmentation in domestic pigeons. Genetica, 21(5-6), 408-419.
• Johnston RF 1990: Variation in size and shape in pigeons, Columba livia. Wilson Bull, 102, 213-225.
• Kürkçüoğlu SS 2011: Şanlıurfa Geleneksel Mimarisinde Kuş Takaları (Kuş Evleri). Şanlıurfa Kültür Sanat Tarih ve Turizm Dergisi,11,41-43.
• Murton RK, Thearle RJP, Thompson J 1972: Ecological studies of the Feral pigeon, Columba livia var. 1. Population, breeding biology and methods of control. J Appl Ecol, 9, 835-874.
• Özbaşer FT, Atasoy F, Erdem E, Güngör İ 2016: Some morphological characteristics of squadron flyer pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Vet J Ankara Univ, 63, 171-177.
• Özbaşer FT, Erdem E, Gürcan EK, Soysal Mİ 2021: The morphological characteristics of the Muradiye Dönek pigeon, a native Turkish genetic resource. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 68(2), 107-112.
• Özdamar K 2001. SPSS İle Biyoistatistik, Kaan Kitapevi. 4.Baskı. Eskişehir.
• Parés-Casanova PM, Kabir A 2019: Morphological diversification among pigeon breeds of different aptitudes. WSEAS Transactions on Biology and Biomedicine, 16, 1-9.
• Price TD 2002. Domesticated birds as a model for the genetics of speciation by sexual selection. Genetics of Mate Choice: From Sexual Selection to Sexual Isolation. Genetica,116(2-3), 311-27.
• Rock Dove 2022: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Dove/, (Accessed January 07, 2022.
• Rose E, Nagel P, Haag-Wackernagel D 2006: Spatio-temporal use of the urban habitat by feral pigeons (Columba livia). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 60(2), 242-254.
• Shapiro M D, Kronenberg Z, Li C, Domyan ET, Pan H, Campbell M, Wang J 2013: Genomic diversity and evolution of the head crest in the rock pigeon. Science, 339(6123), 1063-1067. Genomic diversity and evolution of the head crest in the rock pigeon. Science (80), 339(6123), 1063–1067.
• Si S, Xu X, Zhuang Y, Gao X, Zhang H, Zou Z, Luo SJ 2021: The genetics and evolution of eye color in domestic pigeons (Columba livia). PLoS genetics, 17(8), e1009770. Soysal Mİ 2000: Biyometrinin Prensipleri (İstatistik I ve II ders notları), Trakya Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi, Tekirdağ.
• Soysal MI, Gürcan EK, Akar T, Alter K, Genç S 2011: The determination of several morphological features of Thrace roller breeds in raised Thrace region. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 8(3), 61-68.
• Stringham SA, Mulroy EE, Xing J, Record D, Guernsey MW, Aldenhoven J T, Shapiro MD 2012: Divergence, convergence, and the ancestry of feral populations in the domestic rock pigeon. Current Biology, 22(4), 302-308.
• Türkeş M, Gündüz S 2021: Klasik Manisa Hünkârisi Güvercinleri: Tarihçe ve Sınıflandırması. Kebikec: İnsan Bilimleri İçin Kaynak Araştırmaları Dergisi, (51): 2021.
• Vickrey AI, Bruders R, Kronenberg Z, Mackey E, Bohlender RJ, Maclary ET, Shapiro MD 2018: Introgression of regulatory alleles and a missense coding mutation drive plumage pattern diversity in the rock pigeon. Elife, 7, e34803.
• Tumbler_pigeons 2022: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbler_pigeons, Accessed January 10, 2022.