Surgical Time for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Adult and Prepubertal Dogs

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 146 - 151, 22.12.2023

Gizem Tez Halit Kanca , Semra Ergül

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1319607

Abstract

Two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOVE) was performed in adult (n=23) and prepubertal dogs (n=23) to compare surgical time and to evaluate the effect of age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), ovarian pedicle fat score (OPFS) and intraoperative surgical complications on surgical time. Three classes of BCS were considered: BCS 1-2=lean; BCS 3=ideal; BCS 4-5=overweight. The same surgeon performed all surgeries. OPF was scored and was considered negative or positive. Intraoperative complications were recorded. Total surgical time was recorded from the first skin incision to the last portal closure suture placement. The surgical procedure was divided into seven stages, and each stage’s time was recorded. Data are reported as mean±SEM. Differences in the duration of defined surgical stages between groups were evaluated by age, BW, OPFS and intraoperative complications. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the effect of BCS. No major complications were observed. Five and four minor complications were observed in adult and prepubertal dogs, respectively. Total surgical time was not different (p>0.05) between adult (20.63±0.60 min) and prepubertal (21.48±1.75 min) dogs. BCS, BW, and OPF did not affect total surgical time (p>0.05). Intraoperative complications have prolonged surgical procedure times (25.20±2.33 min vs 20.04±0.93 min). The time from the first skin incision to the insertion of the first trocar was shorter (p<0.05) in prepubertal dogs (2.38±0.12 min) compared to adult animals (2.71±0.10 min). The time needed for grasping of the right ovary was longer (p<0.05) in prepubertal dogs (3.02±0.31 vs 2.32±0.16 min) and in animals without OPF (2.94±0.24 vs 2.11±1.89 min). In conclusion, LOVE is safe in adult and prepubertal dogs with similar surgical time and complication rates.

Keywords

Dog, Laparoscopy, Ovariectomy, Prepubertal, Surgical time

Supporting Institution

Ankara University, Coordination Office for Scientific Research Projects (BAP)

Project Number

16L0239017

Yetişkin ve Prepubertal Köpeklerde Laparoskopik Overiektomi Cerrahi Süresi

Abstract

Cerrahi sürenin karşılaştırılması ve yaş, vücut ağırlığı (VA), vücut kondisyon skoru (VKS), ovaryan pedikül yağ skoru (OPYS) ve intraoperatif cerrahi komplikasyonların cerrahi süre üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla yetişkin (n=23) ve prepubertal köpeklerde (n=23) iki-portal laparoskopik ovariektomi (LOVE) yapılmıştır. Üç VKS sınıfı dikkate alınmıştır: VKS 1-2=zayıf; VKS 3=ideal; VKS 4-5=fazla kilolu. Tüm ameliyatlar aynı cerrah tarafından yapılmıştır. OPY skorlanmış ve negatif veya pozitif olarak kabul edilmiştir. İntraoperatif komplikasyonlar kaydedilmiştir. Toplam cerrahi süre, ilk deri ensizyonundan son portal kapatma sütürünün yerleştirilmesine kadar geçen süre olarak kaydedilmiştir. Cerrahi işlem 7 farklı aşamaya ayrılmış ve her aşamanın süresi kaydedilmiştir. Veriler ortalama±SEM olarak sunulmuştur. Gruplar arasında tanımlanmış cerrahi sürelere yaş, VA, OPYS ve intraoperatif komplikasyonların etkisi ile değerlendirilmiştir. VKS etkisinin değerlendirilmesi için tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Majör komplikasyon ile karşılaşılmamıştır. Erişkin ve prepubertal köpeklerde sırasıyla 5 ve 4 minör komplikasyon gözlenmiştir. Erişkin (20,63±0,60 dk) ve prepubertal (21,48±1,75 dk) köpekler arasında toplam cerrahi süre farklılık göstermemiştir (p>0,05). VKS, VA ve OPY toplam cerrahi süresini etkilememiştir (p>0,05). İntraoperatif komplikasyonlar cerrahi süreyi uzatmıştır (25,20±2,33 dk; 20,04±0,93 dk). İlk deri ensizyonundan ilk trokarın yerleştirilmesine kadar geçen süre prepubertal köpeklerde (2,38±0,12 dk) erişkin hayvanlara (2,71±0,10 dk) kıyasla daha kısa olmuştur (p<0,05). Sağ ovaryumu kavramak için gereken süre prepubertal köpeklerde (3,02±0,31 dk; 2,32±0,16 dk) ve OPY negatif hayvanlarda (2,94±0,24; 2,11±1,89 dk) daha uzun olmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak LOVE, benzer cerrahi süre ve komplikasyon oranları ile yetişkin ve prepubertal köpeklerde güvenli bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Prepubertal, Cerrahi süre, Köpek, Laparoskopi, Ovariektomi

Project Number

16L0239017

References

• Buote NJ, 2022: Updates in laparoscopy, Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract, 52 (2): 513-529.
• Case JB, Marvel SJ, Boscan P, Monnet EL, 2011: Surgical time and severity of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy with one, two, or three instrument cannulas. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 239 (2): 203-208.
• Culp WTN, Mayhew PD, Brown DC, 2009: The effect of laparoscopic versus open ovariectomy on postsurgical activity in small dogs. Vet Surg, 38: 811-817.
• Detora M, McCarthy RJ (2011). Ovariohysterectomy versus ovariectomy for elective sterilization of female dogs and cats: Is removal of the uterus necessary? J Am Vet Med Assoc, 239 (11): 1409-1412.
• Dupre G, Fiorbianco V, Skalicky M, Gultiken N, AY SS, Fındık M, 2009: Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs: Comparison between single portal and two-portal access. Vet Surg, 38: 818-824.
• Feldman EC, Nelson RW, 2004: Ovarian cycle and vaginal cytology. In: Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction (4th Ed.), Saunders, Elsevier Health Sciences, Missouri, p.: 770-773.
• Findji L, 2014: Ovariohysterectomy vs ovariectomy. Clinician Brief, 3: 21-23.
• Freeman LJ, Rahmani EY, Al-Haddad M, Sherman S, Chiorean MV, Selzer DJ, Snyder PW, Constable PD, 2010: Comparison of pain and postoperative stress in dogs undergoing natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic, and open oophorectomy. Gastrointest Endosc, 72 (2): 373-380.
• Granados JR, Uson-Casaus J, Martinez JM, Sanchez-Margallo F, Perez-Merino E, 2017: Canine laparoscopic ovariectomy using two 3-and 5-mm portal sites: A prospective randomized clinical trial. Can Vet J, 58 (6): 565-570.
• Hancock RB, Lanz OI, Waldron DR, Duncan RB, Broadstone RV, Hendrix PK, 2005: Comparison of postoperative pain after ovariohysterectomy by harmonic scalpel-assisted laparoscopy compared to median celiotomy and ligation in dogs. Vet Surg, 34: 273-282.
• Harris KP, Adams VJ, Fordyce P, Ladlow J, 2013: Comparison of surgical duration of canine ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in a veterinary teaching hospital. J Small Anim Pract, 54 (11): 579-583.
• Howe LM, 2006: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology, 66: 500-509.
• Howe LM, Slater MR, Boothe HW, Hobson HP, Holcom JL, Spann AC, 2001: Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218: 217-221.
• Hsueh C, Giuffrida M, Mayhew PD, Case JB, Singh A, Monnet E, Holt DE, Cray M, Curcillo C, Runge JJ, 2018: Evaluation of pet owner preferences for operative sterilization techniques in female dogs within the veterinary community. Vet Surg, 47 (S1): O15-O25.
• Impellizeri JA, Tetrick MA, Muir P, 2000: Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 216: 1089-1091.
• Manassero M, Viateau V, 2018: Advances in laparoscopic spay techniques for dogs: the past, present and future. Vet Rec, 183 (24):742-744.
• Marvel SJ, 2022: Concepts in sterilization, Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract, 52 (2): 419-436. Mayhew PD, Brown DC, 2007: Comparison of three techniques for ovarian pedicle hemostasis during laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Vet Surg, 36: 541-547.
• Moxon R, Freeman SL, Payne R, Corr S, England GCW, 2023: A prospective cohort study investigating the peri- and postoperative outcomes following ovariohysterectomy in bitches neutered prepubertally or post-pubertally. Theriogenology, 197: 283-294.
• Nylund AM, Drury A, Weir H, Monnet E, 2017: Rates of intraoperative complications and conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic ovariectomy performed by veterinary students: 161 cases (2010-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 251 (1): 95-99.
• Öhlund M, Höglund O, Olsson U, Lagerstedt A, 2011: Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs: A comparison of the LigaSure™ and the SonoSurg™ systems. J Small Anim Pract, 52 (6): 290-294.
• Pope JFA, Knowles TG, 2014: Retrospective analysis of the learning curve associated with laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs and associated perioperative complication rates. Vet Surg, 43(6): 668-677. Stubbs WP, Bloomberg MS, 1995: Implications of early neutering in the dog and cat. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim), 10: 8-10
• Tallant A, Ambros B, Freire C, Sakals S, 2016: Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative pain during canine ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy. Can Vet J, 57 (7): 741.
• Tapia-Araya AE, Martin-Portugues IDG, Sanchez-Margallo FM, 2015: Veterinary laparoscopy and minimally invasive surgery. Companion Animal, 20 (7): 382-392.
• Tez G, Kanca H, 2018: The use of laparoscopy in veterinary gynecology. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci Obstetrics and Gynecology-Special Topics, 4 (1): 72-80.
• Tez G, Kanca H, Alemdar H, 2019: Contraception in dogs I: Evaluation of surgical sterilization risk and benefits. Vet Hekim Der Derg, 90 (1): 55-65.
• Valdez V, 2022: High volume spay and neuter: a safe and time efficient approach, Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA. Van Goethem BE, Schaefers-Okkens A, Kirpensteijn J, 2006: Making a rational choice between ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in the dog: A discussion of the benefits of either technique. Vet Surg, 35: 136-143.
• Van Goethem BE, Rosenveldt KW, Kirpensteijn J, 2003: Monopolar vs. bipolar electrocoagulation in canine laparoscopic ovariectomy: A nonrandomized, prospective, clinical trial. Vet Surg, 32: 464-470.
• Van Nimwegen SA, Kirpensteijn J, 2007: Comparison of Nd:YAG surgical laser and Remorgida bipolar electrosurgery forceps for canine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Vet Surg, 36: 533-540.
• Van Nimwegen Sa, Van Swol CFP, K Kirpensteijn J, 2005: Neodymium: Yttrium aluminum garnet surgical laser versus bipolar electrocoagulation for laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs. Vet Surg, 34 (4): 353-357.