Exploring Shape Variance in Waterbirds' Pad Feet: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 141 - 147, 18.12.2024

Ermiş Özkan , Ecenur Mücaviroğlu , Manuta Nicoleta , Ebuderda Günay

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1540571

Abstract

Waterbirds usually have webbed feet, which help them move easily through water. These pad feet fall into four main categories: palmate, semipalmate, totipalmate, and lobate. In this study, morphological diversity among the pad feet of different waterbird breeds such as the West Indian whistling duck (Anas bahamensis), mandarin duck (Aix galericulata), red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis), wood duck (Aix sponsa), mute swan (Cygnus olor), greylag goose (Anser anser), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), redhead duck (Aythya americana), Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), and pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) was examined by the geometric morphometric method. 2D images of 12 waterbirds' pad feet from different parts of Türkiye were analyzed from a dorsal view. In total thirteen landmarks were used. The analysis focused on principal component 1 and principal component 2 values. Principal component 1 shows slightly greater changes occurring on the lateral toes II and IV, as well as in the interdigital webbing below the average. Principal component 2 also reveals greater shape changes on the toes II and IV, which are more lateral. Geometric morphometric analysis proves valuable in identifying variations in the shape of the pad feet among various breeds of waterbirds, making it an effective tool for taxonomic purposes.

Keywords

anatomy, avian, difference, evaluation, foot, form

Thanks

The data in this study were obtained from the TÜBİTAK 2209a project titled "Examination of Foot and Toe Shapes of Waterbirds Using Geometric Morphometric Analysis.

Su Kuşlarının Ayak Şekil Varyasyonlarının İncelenmesi: Geometrik Morfometrik Analiz

Abstract

Su kuşları genellikle suyun içinde kolayca hareket etmelerine yardımcı olan perdeli ayaklara sahiptir. Bu perdeli ayaklar dört ana kategoriye ayrılır: palmate, semipalmate, totipalmate ve lobate. Bu çalışmada, Batı Hint düdükçü ördeği (Anas bahamensis), mandarin ördeği (Aix galericulata), kızıl göğüslü kaz (Branta ruficollis), ağaç ördeği (Aix sponsa), mute kuğusu (Cygnus olor), boz kaz (Anser anser), yeşilbaş ördek (Anas platyrhynchos), Pekin ördeği (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), kızılbaş ördek (Aythya americana), Mısır kazı (Alopochen aegyptiaca) ve pelikan (Pelecanus onocrotalus) gibi farklı su kuşu türlerinin perdeli ayaklarındaki morfolojik çeşitlilik geometrik morfometrik yöntem ile incelenmiştir. Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinden alınan 12 su kuşunun perdeli ayaklarının dorsal görünümden 2D görüntüleri analiz edilmiştir. Toplamda on üç belirleyici nokta kullanılmıştır. Analiz, temel bileşen 1 ve temel bileşen 2 değerlerine odaklanmıştır. Temel bileşen 1, yan parmaklar II ve IV ile ortalama altındaki parmak arası perdenin olduğu bölgede meydana gelen hafif değişiklikleri gösterirken, temel bileşen 2, daha yanlarda yer alan parmaklar II ve IV'teki şekil değişikliklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Geometrik morfometrik analiz, su kuşlarının perdeli ayaklarının şekil varyasyonlarını belirlemede değerli bir araç olduğunu ve bu analizlerin taksonomik amaçlar için etkili olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır.

Keywords

anatomi, değerlendirme, ayak, kanatlı, fark, şekil

Thanks

Çalışmadaki veriler “Geometrik Morfometrik Analiz İle Su Kuşlarının Ayak Ve Parmak Şekillerinin İncelenmesi” isimli TÜBİTAK 2209a projesinden elde edilmiştir.

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