Vibration reduction on a cantilever Timoshenko beam control subjected to combined effects of wind and earthquake loads using damped outriggers

Abstract

This paper deals with the combined effects of wind and earthquake on the dynamic response of a cantilever structure. It is mainly composed of the core-structure, multi-outriggers with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers localized at different levels along of the structure and perimeter columns. These control devices are semi-active in nature and exhibit a nonlinear behaviour. One of their interesting characteristics is their ability to add supplementary energy dissipation to the structural system. Exposed to combined wind and earthquake loads, the core-structure is modelled using a Timoshenko cantilever beam. The stochastic approach based on the statistic properties is employed to estimate the degree excitations of the two natural hazards. The peak Root-Mean-Square (RMS) are evaluated to quantify the optimal location of damped outriggers. Defined as the control algorithm based on human reasoning, the Fuzzy logic is used to select the appropriate current that feeds the control devices. The obtained results indicate that the application of the fuzzy logic further minimizes the effects of bending-moment and shear force. All of these enhance the performance of the whole structural response and lead to a significantly reduction of excessive vibration to an acceptable level.

Keywords

• Fuzzy logic
• Method of lines
• MR dampers
• Outriggers
• RMS
• Timoshenko beam

References

1. 1. Lin YK and Yang JN, Multimode bridge response to wind excitations. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1983. 109(2): p. 586-603.
2. 2. Gu M and Quan Y, Across-wind loads of typical tall buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2004. 92(13): p. 1147-1165.
3. 3. Ali AM, Alexander J and Ray T, Frequency-independent hysteretic dampers for mitigating wind-induced vibrations of tall buildings. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2019. e2341: p. 1-22.
4. 4. Kang X, Jiang L, Bai Y and Caprani CC, Seismic damage evaluation of high-speed railway bridge components under different intensities of earthquake excitations. Engineering Structures, 2017. 152: p. 116-128.
5. 5. Kubo T, Yamamoto T, Sato K, Jimbo M, Imaoka T and Umeki Y, A seismic design of nuclear reactor building structures applying seismic isolation system in a high seismicity region –a feasibility case study in Japan-. Nuclear Engineering and Technologies, 2014. 46(5): p. 581–594.
6. 6. Taranath BS, Wind and Earthquake Resistant Buildings, 2004, USA. CRC Press.
7. 7. Fang C, Spencer BF, Xu J, Tan P and Zhou F, Optimization of damped outrigger systems subject to stochastic excitation. Engineering Structures, 2019. 191: p. 280–291.
8. 8. Zhou Y, Zhang C and Lu X, Earthquake resilience of a 632-meter super-tall building with energy dissipation outriggers. Proceedings of the 10th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Anchorage, AK, 2014.

9. 9. Baker B and Pawlikowski J, The design and construction of the World’s tallest building: The Burj Khalifa, Dubai. Structural Engineering International, 2015. 25(4): p. 389-394.
10. 10. Lu X, Liao W, Cui Y, Jiang Q, and Zhu Y, Development of a novel sacrificial‐energy dissipation outrigger system for tall buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2019. 48: p. 1661–1677.
11. 11. Lin P and Takeuchi T, Seismic performance of buckling‐restrained brace outrigger system in various configurations. Japan Architectural Review, 2019. 2: p. 392–408.
12. 12. Chen Y, McFarland DM, Wang Z, Spencer BF and Bergman LA, Analysis of tall buildings with damped outriggers. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2010. 136(11): p. 1435-1443.
13. 13. Huang B and Takeuchi T, Dynamic response evaluation of damped-outrigger systems with various heights. Earthquake Spectra, 2017. 32(2): p. 665-685.
14. 14. Yang TY, Atkinson J, Tobber L, Tung DP and Neville B, Seismic design of outrigger systems using equivalent energy design procedure. The Structural Design of Tall Special Buildings, 2020. e1743: p. 1-15.
15. 15. Zhou Y, Xing L and Zhou G, Spectrum Analysis-Based Model for the Optimal Outrigger Location of High-Rise Buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2019. p. 1-26.
16. 16. Asai T and Watanabe Y, Outrigger tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducers for high-rise buildings subject to long period earthquakes. Engineering Structures, 2017. 153: p. 404–410.
17. 17. Tan P, Fang CJ, Chang CM, Spencer BF and Zhou FL, Dynamic characteristics of novel energy dissipation systems with damped outriggers. Engineering Structures, 2015. 98: p. 128-140.
18. 18. Lu Z, He X and Zhou Y, Performance-based seismic analysis on a super high-rise building with improved viscously damped outrigger system. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2018. e2190: p. 1-21.
19. 19. Xing L, Zhou Y and Huang W, Seismic optimization analysis of high-rise buildings with a buckling-restrained brace outrigger system. Engineering Structures, 2020. 220: 110959.
20. 20. Shan J, Shi Z, Gong N and Shi W, Performance improvement of base isolation systems by incorporating eddy current damping and magnetic spring under earthquakes. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2020. e2524: p. 1-20.
21. 21. Ndemanou BP and Nbendjo BRN, Fuzzy magnetorheological device vibration control of the two Timoshenko cantilever beams interconnected under earthquake excitation. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2018. e1541: p. 1-11.
22. 22. Yoshida O and Dyke S, Seismic control of a nonlinear benchmark building using smart dampers. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2004. 130(4): p. 386-3892.
23. 23. Zafarani MM and Halabian AM, A new supervisory adaptive strategy for the control of hysteretic multi-story irregular buildings equipped with MR-dampers. Engineering Structures, 2020. 217:110786.
24. 24. Rayegani A and Nouri G, Application of Smart Dampers for Prevention of Seismic Pounding in Isolated Structures Subjected to Near-fault Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2020.1822230
25. 25. Jansen L and Dyke S, Semi-active control strategies for MR dampers: comparative study. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2000. 126(8): 795–803.
26. 26. Ndemanou BP, Fankem ER and Nana Nbendjo BR (2017) Reduction of vibration on a cantilever Timoshenko beam subjected to repeated sequence of excitation with magnetorheological outriggers. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2017. e1393: p. 1-10.
27. 27. Uz ME and Hadi MNS, Optimal design of semi active control for adjacent buildings connected by MR damper based on integrated fuzzy logic and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Engineering Structures, 2014. 69: p. 135-148.
28. 28. Braz-César MT, Folhento PLP and Barros RC, Fuzzy controller optimization using a genetic algorithm for non-collocated semi-active MR based control of a three-DOF framed struture. 13th APCA International Conference on Control and Soft Computing, CONTROLO, 2018.
29. 29. Bozorgvar M and Zahrai SM, Semi-active seismic control of buildings using MR damper and adaptive neural-fuzzy intelligent controller optimized with genetic algorithm. Journal of Vibration and Control, 2019. 25(2): p. 1-13.
30. 30. Moon SJ, Bergman LA and Voulgaris PG, Sliding mode control of cable-stayed bridge subjected to seismic excitation. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2003. 129(1): p. 71-78.
31. 31. Ghaffarzadeh H, Semi-active structural fuzzy control with MR dampers subjected to near-fault ground motions having forward directivity and fling step. Smart Structures and Systems, 2013. 12(6): p. 595-617.
32. 32. Kim HS, Seismic response reduction of a building using top-story isolation system with MR damper. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 2014. 7(21): p.979-986.
33. 33. Ok SY, Kim DS, Park KS and Koh HM, Semi-active fuzzy control of cable-stayed bridges using magneto-rheological dampers. Engineering Structures, 2007. 29(5): p. 776-788.
34. 34. Ab Talib MH and Mat Darus IZ, Intelligent fuzzy logic with firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization for semi-active suspension system using magneto-rheological damper. Journal of Vibration and Control, 2016. 23(3): p. 501-514.
35. 35. Li Z, Yang Y, Gong X, Lin Y, and Liu G, Fuzzy control of the semi-active suspension with MR damper based on μGA, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference Harbin, China, (VPPC '08), 2008. p. 1–6.
36. 36. Dong XM and Yu M, Genetic algorithm based fuzzy logic control for a magneto-rheological suspension. Journal of Vibration and Control. 2014. 20: p. 1343–1355.
37. 37. Paksoy M, Guclu R and Cetin S, Semiactive self-tuning fuzzy logic control of full vehicle model with MR damper. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2014. 6:816813.
38. 38. Timoshenko SP, On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars. The London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1921. 41(215): p. 744–746.
39. 39. Hutchinson JR, Transverse vibrations of beams, exact versus approximate solutions. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1981. 48(4):923.
40. 40. Saeid F and Bahadır Yüksel S, Investigation of nonlinear behavior of high ductility reinforced concrete shear walls. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2020. 04(02): p. 116-128.
41. 41. Kelly SG, Advanced vibration analysis, USA, 2006. CRC Press.
42. 42. Deng K, Pan P, Lam A and Xue Y, A simplified model for analysis of high-rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2013. 23(15): p. 1158-1170.
43. 43. Spencer BF, Dyke SJ, Sain MK and Carlson JD, Phenomenological model for magnetorheological dampers. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1997. 123(3): p. 230-238.
44. 44. Yang G, Spencer BF, Carlson JD and Sain MK, Large-scale MR fluid dampers: Modeling and dynamic performance considerations. Engineering Structures, 2002. 23(3): p. 309-323.
45. 45. Yang G, Spencer BF, Jung HJ and Carlson JD, Dynamic modeling of large-scale magnetorheological damper systems for civil engineering applications. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2004. 130(9): p. 1107-1114.
46. 46. Mendis P, Ngo T, Haritos N, Hira A, Samali B and Cheung John CK Wind loading on tall buildings. Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Special Issue: Loading on Structures, 2007.p. 41-54.
47. 47. Li HN, Liu Y, Li C and Zheng XW, Multihazard fragility assessment of steel-concrete composite frame structures with buckling-restrained braces subjected to combined earthquake and wind. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2020. e1746: p. 1-19.
48. 48. Luongo A and Zulli D, Parametric, external and self-excitation of a tower under turbulent wind flow. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2011. 330(13): p. 3057-3069.
49. 49. Anague Tabejieu LM, Nana Nbendjo BR and Filatrella G, Effect of the fractional foundation on the response of beam structure submitted to moving and wind loads. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 2019. 127: p. 178-188.
50. 50. Lin YK and Li QC, Stochastic stability of wind excited structures. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995. 54/55: p. 75-82.
51. 51. Cai GQ and Wu C, Modeling of bounded stochastic processes. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 2004. 19(30: p. 197-203.
52. 52. Xie WC and Ronald MCSO, Parametric resonance of a two-dimensional system under bounded noise excitation. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2004. 36(2-4): p. 437-453.
53. 53. Fan FG and Ahmadi G, Nonstationary Kanai-Tajimi models for El Centro 1940 and Mexico City 1985 earthquakes. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 1990. 5(4): p. 171-181.
54. 54. Moustafa A and Takewaki I, Response of nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom structures to random acceleration sequences. Engineering Structures, 2011. 33(4): p. 1251-1258.
55. 55. Ndemanou BP, Nana Nbendjo BR and Dorka U, Quenching of vibration modes on two interconnected buildings subjected to seismic loads using magneto rheological device. Mechanical Research Communication, 2016. 78: p. 6-12.
56. 56. Dyke SJ, Spencer BF, Sain MK and Carlson JD, An experimental study of MR dampers for seismic protection. Smart Materials and Structures, 1998. 7(5): p. 693-703.