Kazuo Ishiguro'nun Günden Kalanlar Romanında Stevens'ın Katarsisi

Year 2023, , 56 - 67, 31.05.2023

Pınar Süt Güngör

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1212694

Abstract

Aristoteles ve Sigmund Freud'un katarsis teorileri arasındaki ilişkinin ele alınması, edebiyattaki etkinliğinin revize edilmesi açısından önemlidir. Buradaki görüş, edebiyattaki katarsis kavramının, tüm bastırılmış duyguların, arzuların ve ıstırabın yüzeye çıktığı ve bu şekilde hepsinin tinden atıldığı bir arınma ve temizlenme sürecini temsil ettiği yönündedir. Bu çalışma, katarsis kuramı ile Kazuo Ishiguro'nun Günden Kalanlar adlı romanı arasında yinelemeli bir ilişki kurmaktadır. Bu romanda Ishiguro, yaşlanmış bir uşak olan Stevens'ın hikâyesini birbirinden kopuk dönemler ve doğrusal olmayan anlarda anlatmaktadır. Pişmanlıklarla dolu olan Stevens, kendini suçlamayı, zihinsel baskıyı, nesnellikten yoksunluğu ve ahlaki, entelektüel ve etik anlamda parçalanmayı ortaya koymaktadır. Katarsis üzerine Aristotelesçi ve Freudcu görüşler, Stevens'ın durumunda belleğin rolünün arınma için fark edilebilir bir örnek teşkil edebileceğine tanıklık etmektedir. Tarihe dayalı bir kitap olarak değer gören Günden Kalanlar'ın marjinal bir bakış açısıyla "anlatma" ve "serbest bırakma" arasındaki gerçek ilişkiyi örneklediği doğrulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Katarsis, Aristo, Freud, Kazuo Ishiguro, Günden Kalanlar

Stevens’ Catharsis in The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro

Abstract

Consideration of the relationship between Aristotle’s and Sigmund Freud’s catharsis theories is significant to revise its efficacy in literature. The view is that the concept of catharsis in literature represents a process of purification and clearing, in which all repressed emotions, desires, and anguish come to the surface and, in this way, they are all eliminated from the psyche. This study establishes a recursive relationship between catharsis theory and Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, The Remains of the Day. In this novel, Ishiguro narrates the story of an aging butler, Stevens, in disjointed periods and sporadic moments. Being full of regrets, Stevens reveals self-accustaions, mental repression, lack of objectivity, and fragmentation in moral, intellectual, and ethical senses. The Aristotelian and Freudian views on catharsis testify that the role of memory in Stevens’ case may form a discernible sample for purification. It has been confirmed that, being celebrated as a historically grounded book, The Remains of the Day exemplifies the true correlation between ‘telling’ and ‘release’ from a marginalized point of view.

Keywords

Catharsis, Aristotle, Freud, Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day

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