The Addictive Pattern of Porn Consumption and Masturbation: Consumer Experiences, Consumer Characteristics and Relational Factors

Year 2024, , 106 - 125, 31.05.2024

Burak Acar Habibullah Akıncı Ömer Miraç Yaman

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1379016

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to try to understand how watching pornography and accompanying masturbation turn into a behavioral addiction. For this purpose, data were collected from a study group of six men and six women. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire. Qualitative research method was preferred. The phenomenological approach has been adopted. The findings include the experiences of the participants, their consumption behaviors and their relations with pornography. Participants are introduced to pornography at an early age. Friends and personal curiosity are decisive in getting acquainted with pornography. It was reported that the majority of the participants had problematic relationships with their parents. Some participants cited their childhood experiences, parental relationships and the emotional state that develops due to adolescence as the cause of pornography addiction. It has been stated that pornographic content is accessed from mobile devices. While it is reported that the first consumptions are erotic content, later viewings are "hardcore" content with torture and harmful relationships. Social media is effective in the pornography addiction process. It was stated that the “Whatpadd” site, where written erotic content is shared, was visited by female participants in particular. While pornographic content is consumed for the purpose of sexual pleasure in the first experiences, consumption takes place in order to see new and different kinds of content in the future. The development of tolerance to pornographic content includes features similar to other types of addiction.

Keywords

pornography, consumption, addiction, sex, masturbation

Porno İçeriği Tüketimi ve Mastürbasyonun Bağımlılık Örüntüsü: Tüketici Deneyimleri, Tüketici Özellikleri ve İlişkisel Faktörler

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı pornografi izleme ve eşlik eden mastürbasyonun nasıl bir davranış bağımlılığına dönüştüğünü anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç için altı erkek ve altı kadından oluşan bir çalışma grubundan veri toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Fenomenolojik yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Bulgular katılımcıların deneyimlerini, tüketim davranışlarını ve pornografi ile ilişkilerini içermektedir. Katılımcılar pornografi ile erken yaşlarda tanışmaktadırlar. Pornografi ile tanışmada arkadaşlar ve kişisel merak belirleyicidir. Katılımcıların çoğunluğunun ebeveynleri ile sorunlu ilişkileri olduğu aktarılmıştır. Pornografik içeriklere mobil cihazlardan ulaşıldığı belirtilmiştir. İlk tüketimlerin erotik içerikler olduğu aktarılırken, daha sonraki izlemeler işkence ve zarar verici ilişkilerin olduğu “hardcore” içeriklerdir. Sosyal medya pornografi bağımlılığı sürecinde etkilidir. Yazılı erotik içeriklerin paylaşıldığı “Whatpadd” sitesinin özellikle kadın katılımcılar tarafından ziyaret edildiği belirtilmiştir. Pornografik içerikler ilk deneyimlerde cinsel haz alma amacıyla tüketilirken, ilerleyen zamanlarda yeni ve farklı tür içerikler görmek amacıyla tüketimler gerçekleşmektedir. Pornografik içeriklere karşı tolerans gelişimi diğer bağımlılık türlerine benzer özellikler içermektedir.

Keywords

pornografi, tüketim, bağımlılık, cinsellik, mastürbasyon

References

• Askun, D., & Ataca, B. (2007). Sexuality related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish University students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(5), 741-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-007-9186-Z
• Ballester-Arnal, R., García-Barba, M., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2022). Pornography Consumption in People of Different Age Groups: an Analysis Based on Gender, Contents, and Consequences. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13178-022-00720-Z/TABLES/4
• Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Journal, 7(1), 231-274.
• Biggest Porn Collection | How Much Porn Does Pornhub Have. (21.09.2022). https://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/web/a29623446/pornhub-porn-data-storage/
• Boğa, N. (2019). Akdeniz ve Ege Bölgesinde Cinsel ve Porno Bağımlılığının Psikolojik Semptomlarla Olan İlişkisinin İncelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Boies, S. C. (2002). University students’ uses of and reactions to online sexual information and entertainment: Links to online and offline sexual behaviour. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 11, 77-89.
• Bruce L. Berg, H. L. (2019). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Eğitim Yayınevi. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=TF-zDwAAQBAJ
• Buzzell, T. (2005). Demographic characteristics of persons using pornography in three technological contexts. Sexuality & Culture, 9(1), 28-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908761
• Buzzell, T. (2006). The effects of sophistication, access and monitoring on use of pornography in three technological contexts. 26(2), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620590518988
• Cooper, A., Delmonico, D. L., & Burg, R. (2000). Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7(1-2), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160008400205
• Çelik, H., Başer Baykal, N., Nur, H., & Memur, K. (2020). Nitel Veri Analizi ve Temel İlkeleri Qualitative Data Analysis and Fundamental Principles. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi-ENAD Journal of Qualitative Research in Education-JOQRE Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi-Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m
• Dey, Ian. (1993). Qualitative data analysis : a user-friendly guide for social scientists. New York, NY. https://www.routledge.com/Qualitative-Data-Analysis-A-User-Friendly-Guide-for-Social-Scientists/Dey/p/book/9780415058520
• Flood, M. (2007). Exposure to pornography among youth in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 43(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073934
• George, M., Maheshwari, S., Chandran, S., & Rao, T. S. S. (2019). Psychosocial Aspects of Pornography. 1(1), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831818821535
• Goodson, P., McCormick, D., & Evans, A. (2001). Searching for sexually explicit materials on the Internet: an exploratory study of college students’ behavior and attitudes. Archives of sexual behavior, 30(2), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002724116437 Grubbs, J. B., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., & Lindberg, M. J. (2015). Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography and Psychological Distress: Examining Relationships Concurrently and over Time. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(4), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.1037/ADB0000114
• Häggström-Nordin, E., Hanson, U., & Tydén, T. (2005). Associations between pornography consumption and sexual practices among adolescents in Sweden. International journal of STD & AIDS, 16(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462053057512
• Hald, G. M., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). What Types of Pornography Do People Use and Do They Cluster? Assessing Types and Categories of Pornography Consumption in a Large-Scale Online Sample. 53(7), 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1065953
• Husain, O., & Trepal, H. (2021). The Elephant in the Room: Pornography Addiction and the American Muslim Community. Içinde ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/elephant-room-pornography-addiction-american/docview/2540527590/se-2?accountid=25247
• Karim, R., & Chaudhri, P. (2012). Behavioral addictions: an overview. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 44(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2012.662859
• Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/WPS.20499
• Kraus, S. W., Rosenberg, H., Martino, S., Nich, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2017). The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Use Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.057
• Lam, C. B., & Chan, D. K. S. (2007). The use of cyberpornography by young men in Hong Kong: Some psychosocial correlates. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(4), 588-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-006-9124-5
• Malki, K., Rahm, C., Öberg, K. G., & Ueda, P. (2021). Frequency of Pornography Use and Sexual Health Outcomes in Sweden: Analysis of a National Probability Survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(10), 1735-1751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.003
• Maltz, W., & Maltz, L. (2022). Porno Tuzağı: Pornonun Yol Açtığı Sorunların Üstesinden Gelmek İçin Temel Bir Rehber. Ciss Kitap.
• Manning, J. C. (2006). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Marriage and the Family: A Review of the Research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13(2-3), 131-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160600870711
• Mattebo, M., Larsson, M., Tydén, T., & Häggström-Nordin, E. (2014). Professionals’ perceptions of the effect of pornography on Swedish adolescents. Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 31(3), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/PHN.12058
• Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (JOSSEY-BASS HIGHER & ADULT EDUCATION SERIES). 320. https://books.google.com/books/about/Qualitative_Research.html?id=tvFICrgcuSIC
• Mete, B., Söyiler, V., Pehlivan, E., Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, Ç., İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Halk Sağlığı Başkanlığı, B., & Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, İ. (2020). Adölesanlarda Sigara İçme ve Madde Kullanma Prevalansı. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 21(1), 64-71.
• Mitchell, K. J., Becker-Blease, K. A., & Finkelhor, D. (2005). Inventory of problematic Internet experiences encountered in clinical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.498
• Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Trends in youth reports of sexual solicitations, harassment and unwanted exposure to pornography on the Internet. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 40(2), 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2006.05.021
• Morrison, T., Bearden, A., Harriman, R. L., Morrison, M., & Ellis, S. R. (2004). Correlates of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material among Canadian Post-Secondary Students. undefined.
• Müller, K. W., Glaesmer, H., Brähler, E., Woelfling, K., & Beutel, M. E. (2013). Prevalence of internet addiction in the general population: results from a German population-based survey. 33(7), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.810778
• Nestler, E. J. (2005). Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction? Nature neuroscience, 8(11), 1445-1449. https://doi.org/10.1038/NN1578
• Neverfap Akademi. (t.y.). Hakkımızda (18.06.2023), https://neverfapakademi.com/hakkimizda/.
• Oddone-Paolucci, E., Genuis, M., & Violato, C. (2000). A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of pornography. Içinde The changing family and child development. (ss. 48-59). Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
• Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel Veri Analizi: Sosyal Bilimlerde Yöntembilim Sorunsalı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 323-343.
• Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2011). The Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Its Antecedents: A Longitudinal Comparison of Adolescents and Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(5), 1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-010-9644-X
• Prause, N. (2019). Porn Is for Masturbation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(8), 2271-2277. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-019-1397-6/METRICS
• Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008a). The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 691-693. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179
• Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008b). The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 691-693. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179
• Svedin, C. G., Åkerman, I., & Priebe, G. (2011). Frequent users of pornography. A population based epidemiological study of Swedish male adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 34(4), 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2010.04.010
• Taylor, K. (2021). ‘Accessing something that’s meant to be inaccessible’: pornography viewers’ reconciliation between early pornographic memories and pornography’s perceived risk. Porn Studies, 8(1), 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2020.1736609
• Ünübol, H., Ünübol, B., Tutgun Ünal, A., Hızlı Sayar, G., Üniversitesi, Ü., & Bilimleri Üniversitesi, S. (2023). Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9’un Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 24(4), 448-460.
• Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., Telang, F., & Baler, R. (2010). Addiction: Decreased reward sensitivity and increased expectation sensitivity conspire to overwhelm the brain’s control circuit. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 32(9), 748. https://doi.org/10.1002/BIES.201000042
• Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Jing, T., Chen, Q., Ma, S., Guo, J., & Wang, X. (2022). Risk Factors of Addictive Internet Use Among Rural Chinese Adolescents: from a Cumulative Risk Perspective. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11469-022-00930-X/TABLES/4
• Waters, J. (2014). Snowball sampling: a cautionary tale involving a study of older drug users. 18(4), 367-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2014.953316
• Wilson, G. (2022). Pornodaki Beyniniz İnternet Pornografisi ve Bağımlılık Bilimi. Ciss Kitap.
• Wright, P. J., Tokunaga, R., & Herbenick, D. (2022). Pornography, Masturbation, and Relational Satisfaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2131705.
• Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2005). Exposure to internet pornography among children and adolescents: a national survey. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 8(5), 473-486. https://doi.org/10.1089/CPB.2005.8.473.
• Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (11 baski: 1999-2018).
• Zattoni, F., Gül, M., Soligo, M., Morlacco, A., Motterle, G., Collavino, J., Barneschi, A. C., Moschini, M., & Moro, F. D. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pornography habits: a global analysis of Google Trends. International Journal of Impotence Research, 33(8), 824-831. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00380-w
• Zimbardo, P., & Coulombe, N. D. (2017). Bitik erkekler. Teknoloji erkekliği nasıl sabote etti. Çev. (T. Yalur). Pegasus Yayıncılık.