Mısır Dış Politikası ve Nil Nehri: Tarihsel Bir Analiz

Year 2024, , 369 - 384, 30.11.2024

Hasan İlkbahar

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1411572

Abstract

Mısır, Nil Nehri'nin hidropolitiği açısından Nil Havzası'ndaki en önemli ülkelerden biridir. Mısır'ın aşağı kıyıdaş, Etiyopya'nın ise havzadaki Nil sularının ana kaynaklarına sahip yukarı kıyıdaş bir ülke olması nedeniyle, Mısır'ın su kullanımı büyük ölçüde Etiyopya’nın dağlık bölgelerinden gelen su kaynaklarına bağımlı olmuştur. Etiyopya'nın Nil Nehri'nden etkin bir şekilde faydalanacak mali ve ekonomik kapasiteye sahip olmaması nedeniyle Mısır, Nil sularından faydalanan başlıca ülke olmuştur. Ancak Etiyopyalıların hidroelektrik baraj inşası gibi altyapı projeleri, Mısır dış politika karar alıcıları tarafından ulusal güvenlik tehdidi olarak görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla Nil Nehri'ndeki gelişmeler ve Mısır'ın su güvenliği, Mısır’ın başlıca dış politika kaygısı olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Nil Nehri'nin Mısır dış politikasındaki rolünü uluslararası, bölgesel ve yerel faktörler temelinde ele almaktadır. Betimleyici niteliksel yöntem kullanılarak, Nil Havzası'ndaki baraj inşaatları ile su paylaşımı ve dağıtımına ilişkin gelişmelerin tarihsel süreç içerisinde Mısır'ın dış politikasını nasıl şekillendirdiği analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada, tarihsel süreçteki anlaşmaların orijinal metinleri, resmî açıklamalar, anılar ve literatürdeki ilgili kitap ve makaleler gibi birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır.

Keywords

Mısır, Etiyopya, Nil Nehri, Mısır Dış Politikası

Egyptian Foreign Policy and the Nile River: A Historical Analysis

Abstract

Egypt has been one of the most significant countries in the Nile Basin in terms of the hydropolitics of the Nile River. Since Egypt is downstream and Ethiopia is an upstream country having main sources of the Nile waters in the basin, Egyptian water utilization has been highly dependent on the water resources that come from the Ethiopian highlands. Since Ethiopia lacked the financial and economic capacity to effectively utilize the Nile River, Egypt has been the leading exploiting country of the Nile waters. However, the Ethiopians’ infrastructural projects, such as the construction of hydroelectric dams, have been considered a national security threat by the Egyptian foreign policy decision-makers. Therefore, the developments in the Nile River and Egyptian water security have been chief foreign policy concerns for Egypt. In this context, this study mainly addresses the role of the Nile River in Egyptian foreign policy based on international, regional, and domestic factors. Deploying the descriptive qualitative method, it analyses how the dam constructions and developments regarding water sharing and distribution in the Nile Basin have shaped Egypt’s foreign policy throughout the historical process. It utilizes primary and secondary resources such as the original texts of the historical agreements, official statements, memoirs, and related books and articles in the literature.

Keywords

Egypt, Ethiopia, Nile River, Egyptian Foreign Policy

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