İspanyol Indignados/15M Hareketi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 386 - 401, 30.11.2022

İhsan Konak

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1094635

Abstract

2011 yılında dünya genelinde yoğun protesto hareketleri yaşanmıştır. Bu hareketler sadece gelişmemiş veya az gelişmiş ülkelerle sınırlı kalmamıştır. Ekonomisi gelişmiş, demokrasi düzeyi ve kalitesi görece yüksek ülkelerde de protesto hareketleri yaşanmıştır ve yeni toplumsal hareketlerin oluşumuna tanıklık edilmiştir. Dünyanın farklı yerlerinde yaşadıkları ülkelerin önemli meydanlarını işgal eden öfkeli kalabalıklar hem yaşadıkları sosyo-ekonomik sorunları dile getirmiş hem de ülkelerinin siyasal sistemlerini ve bu dizge içerisindeki demokrasi sorunsalını ortaya koymuşlardır. Çalışmada bu dönem İspanya’da ortaya çıkan Indignados/15M hareketi değerlendirilmektedir. 15 Mayıs 2011’de iktisadi krize ve kemer sıkma siyasalarına karşı öfkelerini ve hoşnutsuzluklarını dile getirmek için İspanyol halkı ve özellikle de gençler meydanlara inmiş ve öfkeli göstericiler ‘Indignados’ ismi ile anılmaya başlanmıştır. Görünüşte hiyerarşik bir yapısı olmayan, yerleşik siyasal parti ve sendikalardan destek almamış bu hareketin eylemlerine ciddi bir katılım sağlanmıştır ve eylem biçimleri diğer Avrupa ülkelerine de yayılmıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle hareketin doğuşu ve onu meydana çıkaran koşullar ortaya konulmaktadır. Ardından kamusal alanlar olarak meydan işgallerinin anlamı, hareketin örgütsel yapısı ve İspanyol siyasetine etkisi ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Indignados/15M hareketi İspanya bağlamında analitik bir incelemeye tabi tutulmaktadır.

Keywords

Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler, Indignados/15M Hareketi, Meydan İşgalleri, Dijital Medya Uygulamaları

An Evaluation of the Spanish Indignados/15M Movement

Abstract

In 2011, there were intense protest movements around the world. These movements were not limited to underdeveloped or less developed countries. Likewise developed or developing countries with relatively high level of democracy experienced protest movements and new social movements emerged. Throughout the world the angry crowds occupying the important squares of the countries they live in both expressed their socioeconomic problems and revealed the political systems of their countries and the problem of democracy within this system. In this study, the Indignados/15M movement that emerged in Spain during this period is evaluated. On May 15, 2011, the Spanish people and especially the young people occupied the squares to express their anger and discontent with the economic crisis and the austerity policies, and the angry demonstrators began to be called 'Indignados'. There was an intense participation in the actions of this movement, which apparently did not have a hierarchical structure and did not receive support from established political parties and unions, and its forms of action spread to other European countries. In this study, first of all, the birth of the movement and the conditions that led to the birth of the movement are revealed. Then, the meaning of square occupations as public spaces, the organizational structure of the movement and its impact on Spanish politics are discussed. In this article the Indignados/15M movement is subjected to an analytical examination in the context of Spain.

Keywords

New Social Movements, Indignados/15M Movement, Square Occupations, Digital Media Applications

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