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Schumpeter ve Galbraith: Entelektüeller versus Teknostrüktür

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 485 - 498
https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1468743

Abstract

Joseph A. Schumpeter ve John Kenneth Galbraith, 20. yüzyılın etkili iki evrimci iktisatçısıdır. Bir sistem olarak kapitalizmin 19. yüzyıldan 20. yüzyıla geçerken yaşadığı değişim ve bu değişime bağlı olarak kapitalist sistem içinde var olan kurumsal yapıların iktisadi davranışları şekillendirme süreci, hem Schumpeter’in hem de Galbraith’in düşüncesinin odağını oluşturmaktadır. Schumpeter’in 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yaptığı analizlerin bir benzerini, Galbraith, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında sürdürmüştür. Ancak Schumpeter ve Galbraith’in kapitalizmin değişim dinamiğini yeniliklerle açıklamaları uyumluyken bu sistemin geleceğine ilişkin analizleri farklıdır. Schumpeter kapitalizmin geleceğini tehdit eden muhalifleri, entelektüeller olarak gösterirken Galbraith’in düşüncesindeki entelektüeller, uzmanlaşmış teknik bilgileriyle teknostrüktür üyeleridir. Teknostrüktür üyeleri, kapitalizmi tehdit etmekten ziyade onu tahkim eden bir işleve sahiptirler. Kapitalist sistemde entelektüeller ve teknostrüktür üyeleri üstlenmiş oldukları roller bakımından karşıt konumdadırlar. Bu çalışma, Schumpeter ile Galbraith’in kapitalist sistemin kurumsal yapılarına ve geleceğine ilişkin düşüncelerini entelektüeller özelinde irdelemektedir. Dolayısıyla Schumpeter ve Galbraith’in sosyal teorilerine dayanarak entelektüellerin kapitalist sistem içindeki konumunu analiz etmek, çalışmanın ana hedefini oluşturmaktadır.

References

  • Audretsch, D. B. (2015). Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith: Two sides of the same coin? Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 25: 197-214.
  • Bauman, Z. (2018). Yasa koyucular ve yorumlayıcılar (çev. Kemal Atakay). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 5. Baskı.
  • Bell, D. (2013). İdeolojini sonu: Ellilerdeki fikirlerin tükenişine dair (çev. Volkan Hacıoğlu). Ankara: Sentez Yayıncılık.
  • Benda, J. (2021). Aydınların ihaneti (çev. Cem Soydemir). Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 4. Baskı.
  • Boutillier, S. (2006), The end of capitalism: J. K. Galbraith versus K. Marx and J. A. Schumpeter. B. Laperche, J. K. Galbraith & D. Uzunidis (Ed.), Innovation, Evolution and Economic Change: New Ideas in the Tradition of Galbraith içinde (s. 53-71), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Cramer, D. L. & C. G. Leathers (1988). Schumpeter and Galbraith: A comparative analysis on the modern corporate Economy. History of Economics Society Bulletin, 10(1): 47-56.
  • Dunn, S. P. & S. Pressman (2005). The economic contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith. Review of Political Economy, 17(2): 161-209.
  • Elliott, J. E. (1980). Marx and Schumpeter on capitalism’s creative destruction: A comparative restatement. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(1): 45-68.
  • Fagerberg, J. (2003). Schumpeter and the revival of evolutionary economics: An appraisal of the titeratüre. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 13: 125-159.
  • Gadamer, H. G. (2023). Felsefenin başlangıcı (çev. Mehmet Barış Albayrak). İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1967). The new industrial state. London: Hamish Hamilton.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1970). The affluent society. Middlesex: Penguin Books, Second Edition.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1977). The bimodal image of the modern economy: Remarks upon receipt of the Veblen-Commons award. Journal of Economic Issues, 11(2): 189-200.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1988). Ekonomi kimden yana (çev. Belkis Çorakçı ve Nilgün Himmetoğlu). İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar.
  • Giersch, H. (1984). The age of Schumpeter. The American Economic Review, (74)2: 103-109.
  • Gordon, R. A. (1964). Institutional economics in contemporary economics, Dorfman, J., C. E. Ayres, N. W. Chamberlain, S. Kuznets & R. A. Gordon (Ed.), Institutional economics: Veblen, Commons, and Mitchell reconsidered içinde (s. 123-147), Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Gramsci, A. (1967). Aydınlar ve toplum (çev. Bertan Onaran). İstanbul: Çan Yayınları.
  • Gruchy, A. G. (1969). Neoinstituionalism and the economics of dissent. Journal of Economic Issues, 3(1): 3-17. Hanusch, H. & A. Pyka (2007). Principles of neo-Schumpeterian economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 31(2): 275-289.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2017). The entrepreneurial market process: An exposition. Southern Economic Journal, 83(4): 855-868.
  • Leathers, C. G. (1971). Intellectual activism: A Schumpeterian threat to the new industrial state. Nebraska Journal of Economics and Business, 10(3): 3-11.
  • Levent, A. (2019). Teknoloji, yenilik ve güç: Kurumsal iktisat özelinde bir inceleme. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 70-78.
  • Levent, A. (2022). Evrimci politik iktisat: Biyolojik evrimciliğin iktisat ve sosyal teoriye yayılımına ilişkin bir eleştiri. İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları.
  • Nelson, R. R. & S. G. Winter (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, The Belknap Press. Reisman, D. A. (1990). Galbraith on ideas and events. Journal of Economic Issues, 24(3): 733-760.
  • Reisman, D. A. (2004). Schumpeter’s market: Enterprise and evolution. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Said, E. (2018). Entelektüel: Sürgün, marjinal, yabancı (çev. Tuncay Birkan). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 8. Baskı.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1942] 2022). Kapitalizm, sosyalizm ve demokrasi (çev. Mustafa Acar). Ankara: Serbest Kitaplar.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. The Journal of Economic History, 7(2): 149-159.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1952] 2003). Ten great economists: From Marx to Keynes. London: Routledge.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1954] 2006). History of economic analysis. London: Routledge.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2005). Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 43(1): 108-120.
  • Shionoya, Y. (2004). Scope and method of Schumpeter’s universal social science: Economic sociology, instrumentalism, and rhetoric. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 26(3): 331-347.
  • Shionoya, Y. (2007). Schumpeter and evolution: A philosophical interpretation, History of Economic Ideas, 15(1): 65-80.
  • Swedberg, R. (1989). Joseph A. Schumpeter and the tradition of economic sociology. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 145(3): 508-524.
  • Swedberg, R. (1991). Major traditions of economic sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 17: 251-276.
  • Zafirovski, M. & B. B. Levine (1997). Economic sociology reformulated: The interface between economics and sociology. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 56(3): 265-285.
  • Zafirovski, M. (1999). Economic sociology in retrospect and prospect: In search of its identity within economics and sociology. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58(4): 583-627.

Schumpeter and Galbraith: Intellectuals versus Technostructure

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 485 - 498
https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1468743

Abstract

Joseph A. Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith are two influential evolutionary economists of the 20th century. The process of shaping the economic behaviours of institutional structures existing within the capitalist system as it transitioned from the 19th to the 20th century, and depending on this change, forms the focus of both Schumpeter’s and Galbraith’s thoughts. Galbraith continued Schumpeter’s analysis in the second half of the 20th century. However, while Schumpeter and Galbraith’s explanations of capitalism’s dynamic of change with innovations are compatible, their analyses of the future of this system differ. While Schumpeter portrays the opponents threatening the future of capitalism as intellectuals, in Galbraith’s thought, intellectuals are members of the technostructure with specialized technical knowledge. Members of the technostructure have a function that reinforces capitalism rather than threatening it. In terms of the roles they assume within the capitalist system, intellectuals and members of the technostructure are in opposite positions. This study examines Schumpeter’s and Galbraith’s thoughts on the capitalist system’s institutional structures and future, specifically within the context of intellectuals. Therefore, the study's main objective is to analyze the position of intellectuals within the capitalist system based on the social theories of Schumpeter and Galbraith.

References

  • Audretsch, D. B. (2015). Joseph Schumpeter and John Kenneth Galbraith: Two sides of the same coin? Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 25: 197-214.
  • Bauman, Z. (2018). Yasa koyucular ve yorumlayıcılar (çev. Kemal Atakay). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 5. Baskı.
  • Bell, D. (2013). İdeolojini sonu: Ellilerdeki fikirlerin tükenişine dair (çev. Volkan Hacıoğlu). Ankara: Sentez Yayıncılık.
  • Benda, J. (2021). Aydınların ihaneti (çev. Cem Soydemir). Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 4. Baskı.
  • Boutillier, S. (2006), The end of capitalism: J. K. Galbraith versus K. Marx and J. A. Schumpeter. B. Laperche, J. K. Galbraith & D. Uzunidis (Ed.), Innovation, Evolution and Economic Change: New Ideas in the Tradition of Galbraith içinde (s. 53-71), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Cramer, D. L. & C. G. Leathers (1988). Schumpeter and Galbraith: A comparative analysis on the modern corporate Economy. History of Economics Society Bulletin, 10(1): 47-56.
  • Dunn, S. P. & S. Pressman (2005). The economic contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith. Review of Political Economy, 17(2): 161-209.
  • Elliott, J. E. (1980). Marx and Schumpeter on capitalism’s creative destruction: A comparative restatement. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(1): 45-68.
  • Fagerberg, J. (2003). Schumpeter and the revival of evolutionary economics: An appraisal of the titeratüre. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 13: 125-159.
  • Gadamer, H. G. (2023). Felsefenin başlangıcı (çev. Mehmet Barış Albayrak). İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1967). The new industrial state. London: Hamish Hamilton.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1970). The affluent society. Middlesex: Penguin Books, Second Edition.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1977). The bimodal image of the modern economy: Remarks upon receipt of the Veblen-Commons award. Journal of Economic Issues, 11(2): 189-200.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1988). Ekonomi kimden yana (çev. Belkis Çorakçı ve Nilgün Himmetoğlu). İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar.
  • Giersch, H. (1984). The age of Schumpeter. The American Economic Review, (74)2: 103-109.
  • Gordon, R. A. (1964). Institutional economics in contemporary economics, Dorfman, J., C. E. Ayres, N. W. Chamberlain, S. Kuznets & R. A. Gordon (Ed.), Institutional economics: Veblen, Commons, and Mitchell reconsidered içinde (s. 123-147), Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Gramsci, A. (1967). Aydınlar ve toplum (çev. Bertan Onaran). İstanbul: Çan Yayınları.
  • Gruchy, A. G. (1969). Neoinstituionalism and the economics of dissent. Journal of Economic Issues, 3(1): 3-17. Hanusch, H. & A. Pyka (2007). Principles of neo-Schumpeterian economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 31(2): 275-289.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (2017). The entrepreneurial market process: An exposition. Southern Economic Journal, 83(4): 855-868.
  • Leathers, C. G. (1971). Intellectual activism: A Schumpeterian threat to the new industrial state. Nebraska Journal of Economics and Business, 10(3): 3-11.
  • Levent, A. (2019). Teknoloji, yenilik ve güç: Kurumsal iktisat özelinde bir inceleme. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1): 70-78.
  • Levent, A. (2022). Evrimci politik iktisat: Biyolojik evrimciliğin iktisat ve sosyal teoriye yayılımına ilişkin bir eleştiri. İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları.
  • Nelson, R. R. & S. G. Winter (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, The Belknap Press. Reisman, D. A. (1990). Galbraith on ideas and events. Journal of Economic Issues, 24(3): 733-760.
  • Reisman, D. A. (2004). Schumpeter’s market: Enterprise and evolution. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Said, E. (2018). Entelektüel: Sürgün, marjinal, yabancı (çev. Tuncay Birkan). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 8. Baskı.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1942] 2022). Kapitalizm, sosyalizm ve demokrasi (çev. Mustafa Acar). Ankara: Serbest Kitaplar.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). The creative response in economic history. The Journal of Economic History, 7(2): 149-159.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1952] 2003). Ten great economists: From Marx to Keynes. London: Routledge.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. ([1954] 2006). History of economic analysis. London: Routledge.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2005). Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 43(1): 108-120.
  • Shionoya, Y. (2004). Scope and method of Schumpeter’s universal social science: Economic sociology, instrumentalism, and rhetoric. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 26(3): 331-347.
  • Shionoya, Y. (2007). Schumpeter and evolution: A philosophical interpretation, History of Economic Ideas, 15(1): 65-80.
  • Swedberg, R. (1989). Joseph A. Schumpeter and the tradition of economic sociology. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 145(3): 508-524.
  • Swedberg, R. (1991). Major traditions of economic sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 17: 251-276.
  • Zafirovski, M. & B. B. Levine (1997). Economic sociology reformulated: The interface between economics and sociology. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 56(3): 265-285.
  • Zafirovski, M. (1999). Economic sociology in retrospect and prospect: In search of its identity within economics and sociology. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58(4): 583-627.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Economy Theory, Economic Sociology
Journal Section Orjinal Makale
Authors

Adem Levent 0000-0002-1683-6107

Early Pub Date November 16, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date April 15, 2024
Acceptance Date July 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Levent, A. (2024). Schumpeter ve Galbraith: Entelektüeller versus Teknostrüktür. İçtimaiyat, 8(2), 485-498. https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1468743

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