Nisâ 4/128. Âyet Bağlamında Erkeğin Nüşûzu ve Aile İçi Sulhun Mahiyeti

Year 2025, Issue: Aile Özel Sayısı, 75 - 93, 30.09.2025

Murat Bahar

https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1727977

Abstract

En-Nisâ 4:128’e göre eğer bir kadın kocasının nüşûzundan korkarsa sulh teklif edebilmekte ve boşanmadan evliliğini koruyabilmektedir. Âyette geçen nüşûz genellikle eziyet etme, serkeşlik yapma ve(ya) iffetsiz davranma şeklinde anlaşılmaktadır. Ancak Buhârî, Müslim ve Tirmizî tarafından nakledilen rivayetler, kocanın nüşûz yapması durumunda kadının boşanmamak için mehir ve nafaka gibi evlilik haklarından gönüllü olarak feragat ettiğini göstermektedir. Kadının kötü muameleye uğramasına rağmen haklarından gönüllü olarak feragat etmesi, âyeti anlamada yorum sorunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu itibarla çalışma “kocanın nüşûzu” ile aile içi sulhun mahiyetini konu edinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı âyetin bağlamını ve içeriğini tespit etmek, bu kapsamda Kur’ân’ın aile içi çatışmaları çözerken belirlediği usule ulaşmaktır. Analitik değerlendirme yöntemi kullanılan çalışmada “kocanın nüşûzu”nun, ahlak veya karakteriyle ilgili olmadığına ulaşılmaktadır. Öyle ki âyet duygusal bir yabancılaşmayı veya yeniden evlenme niyetini ifade etmektedir. Bu sebeple kadının, haklarından feragat etmesine karşılık boşanmama teklifinde bulunmasına izin verildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Böylece âyetin sosyo-kültürel şartları gözettiği, kadının yalnız ve korumasız bırakılmamasını, ailenin dağılmamasını sağlamak amacıyla sulh usulünü tesis ettiği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

Kur’ân , Tefsir , Nüşûz , Sulh , Aile

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada etik kurallara uyulmuştur.

The Husband’s Nushūz and the Nature of Intra-Familial Ṣulḥ in the Context of an-Nisā’ 4:128

Abstract

According to an-Nisā’ 4:128, if a woman fears her husband’s nushūz, she may propose ṣulḥ to preserve the marriage without resorting to divorce. The term nushūz in this verse is commonly interpreted as abuse, rebellion, or unchaste conduct. However, reports transmitted by al-Bukhārī, Muslim, and al-Tirmidhī indicate that when the husband engages in nushūz, the wife may voluntarily forgo her marital rights, such as mahr and alimony, in order to avoid divorce. The woman’s willingness to relinquish her rights despite mistreatment creates a hermeneutical challenge in interpreting the verse. Therefore, this study investigates the meaning of “the husband’s nushūz” and the nature of domestic ṣulḥ. The aim is to determine the context and content of the verse and, within this framework, to identify the Qur’anic procedure for resolving marital conflict. Through analytical evaluation, the study concludes that the husband’s nushūz does not refer to his morality or character but to emotional estrangement or the intention to remarry. Hence, the verse allows a woman to propose reconciliation by waiving certain rights. Ultimately, the verse is shown to address socio-cultural realities, aiming to prevent women from being left alone and unprotected, while safeguarding the continuity of the family.

Keywords

Qur’an , Tafsīr , Nushūz , Ṣulḥ , Family

Ethical Statement

Ethical rules were followed in this study.

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