Research Article
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An Investigation of the Relation Between Personality, Job Performance, and Job Satisfaction via Profile Analysis

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 11 - 24, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.505520

Abstract

Objectives: In the
present study, it was aimed to examine personality characteristics of the
employees in terms of job performance and job satisfaction depending on the
Five Factor Model of personality. For this purpose, the personality traits that
predict job performance and satisfaction were determined.

 

Methods: A total of 4975 people (2142 female and
2833 male) from 278 different occupational groups have participated in the study.
It was observed that participants ranged in age from 19 to 85 years. Working
years of participants ranged between 1 and 63 years. Job performance and job
satisfaction evaluations were gathered separately; personality assessments were
conducted through the long form of the Five Factor Personality Inventory. In
addition, personality characteristics of groups, which were formed in terms of
job performance and job satisfaction levels, were compared.

 

Results: In the first place, in order to predict
job performance and job satisfaction levels multiple linear regression analyses
were performed. Results showed that several personality factors and
sub-dimensions predict both job performance and job satisfaction significantly.
Afterwards, personality profiles of the participants were compared in terms of
their levels of job performance and job satisfaction with MANOVA.

 













Originality: The high job performance and job
satisfaction group differed in many personality dimensions from the low job
performance and job satisfaction group. The results interpreted here in this
study have been discussed in line with those of previous studies.

References

  • Abraham, J. D., & Morrison, J. D. (2003). Relationships between the Performance Perspectives Inventory’s Selling scale and job performance of real estate agents. Applied Human Resource Management Research, 8(1), 45-48.
  • Ahmad, J., Athar, M. R., & Hussain, M. (2016). Linking personality traits with job performance mediating role of organizational commitment: An empirical evidence. NUML International Journal of Business and Management, 11(2), 1-11.
  • Alessandri, G., & Vecchione, M. (2012). The higher-order factors of the Big Five as predictors of job performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(6), 779-784.
  • Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V., & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(3), 767-788.
  • Austin, J. T., & Villanova, P. (1992). The criterion problem: 1917-1992. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(6), 836-874.
  • Avery, R. E., Smillie, L. D., & Fife-Schaw, C. R. (2015). Employee achievement orientations and personality as predictors of job satisfaction facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 56-61.
  • Awais Bhatti, M., Mohamed Battour, M., Rageh Ismail, A., & Pandiyan Sundram, V. (2014). Effects of personality traits (Big Five) on expatriates adjustment and job performance. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(1), 73-96.
  • Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
  • Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1993). Autonomy as a moderator of the relationships between the Big Five personality dimensions and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 111-118.
  • Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1-2), 9-30.
  • Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and job performance: Test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 43-51.
  • Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Wihler, A., Ewen, C., Merkl, R., & Missfeld, T. (2015). Extraversion and job performance: How context relevance and bandwidth specificity create a non-linear, positive, and asymptotic relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 80-88.
  • Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Zettler, I., Solga, J., Noethen, D., Kramer, J., & Ferris, G. R. (2008). Personality, political skill, and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(3), 377-387.
  • Boudreau, J. W., Boswell, W. R., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(1), 53-81.
  • Budaev, S. V. (1999). Sex differences in the Big Five personality factors: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(5), 801-813.
  • Christen, M., Iyer, G., & Soberman, D. (2006). Job satisfaction, job performance, and effort: A reexamination using agency theory. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 137-150.
  • Collins, J. M., & Gleaves, D. H. (1998). Race, job applicants, and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Implications for black psychology, industrial / organizational psychology, and the Five-Factor Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 531-544.
  • Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Holland, J. L. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 390-400.
  • Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331.
  • Del Giudice, M., Booth, T., & Irwing, P. (2012). The distance between Mars and Venus: measuring global sex differences in personality. PloS one, 7(1), e29265.
  • Feingold, A. (1995). The additive effects of differences in central tendency and variability are important in comparisons between groups. American Psychologist, 50(1), 5-13.
  • Glisson, C., & Durick, M. (1988). Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human service organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 61-81.
  • Guion, R. M., & Gottier, R. F. (1965). Validity of personality measures in personnel selection. Personnel Psychology, 18(2), 135-164.
  • Judge, T. A., & Zapata, C. P. (2015). The person-situation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1149-1179.
  • Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-Factor Model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530-541.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407.
  • Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356-374.
  • Karim, N. H. A. (2017). Investigating the correlates and predictors of job satisfaction among Malaysian academic librarians. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 13(2), 69-88.
  • Lippa, R. A. (2010). Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(3), 619-636.
  • Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). Five-Factor Model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance, 11(2-3), 145-165.
  • Örücü, E., Yumuşak, S., & Bozkır, Y. (2006). Kalite yönetimi çerçevesinde bankalarda çalışan personelin iş tatmini ve iş tatminini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 13(1), 39-51.
  • Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2006). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 401-421.
  • Peeters, M. A., van Tuijl, H. F., Rutte, C. G., & Reymen, I. M. (2006). Personality and team performance: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Personality, 20(5), 377-396.
  • Rothmann, S., & Coetzer, E. P. (2003). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1), 68-74.
  • Rothstein, M. G., & Goffin, R. D. (2006). The use of personality measures in personnel selection: What does current research support? Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 155-180.
  • Salgado, J. F. (1997). The Five Factor Model of personality and job performance in the European community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(1), 30-43.
  • Saltukoğlu, G., & Tatar, A. (2018). İş performansının öngörülmesinde kişilik ölçümünün rolü: Öğretmen örneği. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(1), 619-634.
  • Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(1), 168-182.
  • Schmitt, N., Gooding, R. Z., Noe, R. A., & Kirsch, M. (1984). Metaanalyses of validity studies published between 1964 and 1982 and the investigation of study characteristics. Personnel Psychology, 37(3), 407-422.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2004). Kuramdan Uygulamaya Beş Faktör Kişilik Modeli ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri (5FKE). Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M.& Tatar, A. (2002). Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanterinin geliştirilmesi-I: Ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49), 21-37.
  • Tatar, A. (2009). Beş Faktör Kişilik Modeline dayalı olarak sporcu kadın ve erkeklerin kişilik profillerinin karşılaştırılması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 70-80.
  • Tatar, A. (2016). Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanterinin kısa formunun geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17(Ek.1), 14-23.
  • Tatar, A., Şahintürk, H., Saltukoğlu, G., & Telvi, S. (2013). Tiyatro oyuncularının Beş Faktör Modeli çerçevesinden kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve meslek grubu profillerinin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 28(72), 1-16.
  • Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., & Teoman, D. D. (2017). Çalışan genç kadınların kişilik profilleri ve bireycilik-toplulukçuluk özellikleri. İş'te Davranış Dergisi, 2(1), 34-45.
  • Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., Dal, G., & Atay, B. (2013). Eczacıların Beş Faktör Modeli çerçevesinden kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve meslek grubu profillerinin oluşturulması. FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 2, 323-341.
  • Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44(4), 703-742.
  • Vianello, M., Schnabel, K., Sriram, N., & Nosek, B. (2013). Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 994-999.
  • Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(178), 1-11.
  • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 84-94.
  • Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271.

Profil Analiziyle Kişilik, İş Performası ve İş Doyumu Arası İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 11 - 24, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.505520

Abstract

 Amaç :Bu çalışmada,
çalışanların, iş performansı ve iş doyumu açısından Beş Faktör Kişilik
Modeliyle kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla iş
performansı ve doyumunu yordayan kişilik özellikleri belirlenmiştir.

Tasarım/Yöntem:Çalışmaya 278 farklı
meslek ya da iş kolunda çalışan toplam 4975 kişi (2142 kadın, 2833 erkek)
katılmıştır. Katılımcıların, 19-85 yaşları arasında oldukları ve 1-63 yıl
arasında süreyle bir işte çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların, iş
performansı ve iş doyumu değerlendirmeleri alınmış; kişilik ölçümü ise Beş
Faktör Kişilik Envanteri uzun formu ile yapılmıştır. Grupların iş
performansları ve iş doyum düzeyleri kişilik özellikleri açısından
karşılaştırılmıştır.

Sonuçlar:Önce iş performansı
ve iş doyum düzeyinin yordanması için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi
yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre hem iş performansını hem de iş doyumunu birçok
kişilik faktörü ve alt boyutunun yordadığı gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra
katılımcıların, iş performansı ve iş doyumu düzeyine göre MANOVA ile kişilik
profilleri karşılaştırılmıştır. 

Özgün Değer:İş performansı ve iş
doyumu yüksek grubun, iş performansı ve iş doyumu düşük gruptan birçok kişilik
özelliğinde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili alanyazını
doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Abraham, J. D., & Morrison, J. D. (2003). Relationships between the Performance Perspectives Inventory’s Selling scale and job performance of real estate agents. Applied Human Resource Management Research, 8(1), 45-48.
  • Ahmad, J., Athar, M. R., & Hussain, M. (2016). Linking personality traits with job performance mediating role of organizational commitment: An empirical evidence. NUML International Journal of Business and Management, 11(2), 1-11.
  • Alessandri, G., & Vecchione, M. (2012). The higher-order factors of the Big Five as predictors of job performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(6), 779-784.
  • Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V., & Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(3), 767-788.
  • Austin, J. T., & Villanova, P. (1992). The criterion problem: 1917-1992. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(6), 836-874.
  • Avery, R. E., Smillie, L. D., & Fife-Schaw, C. R. (2015). Employee achievement orientations and personality as predictors of job satisfaction facets. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 56-61.
  • Awais Bhatti, M., Mohamed Battour, M., Rageh Ismail, A., & Pandiyan Sundram, V. (2014). Effects of personality traits (Big Five) on expatriates adjustment and job performance. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 33(1), 73-96.
  • Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
  • Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1993). Autonomy as a moderator of the relationships between the Big Five personality dimensions and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 111-118.
  • Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1-2), 9-30.
  • Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L., & Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and job performance: Test of the mediating effects of motivation among sales representatives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 43-51.
  • Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Wihler, A., Ewen, C., Merkl, R., & Missfeld, T. (2015). Extraversion and job performance: How context relevance and bandwidth specificity create a non-linear, positive, and asymptotic relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87, 80-88.
  • Blickle, G., Meurs, J. A., Zettler, I., Solga, J., Noethen, D., Kramer, J., & Ferris, G. R. (2008). Personality, political skill, and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72(3), 377-387.
  • Boudreau, J. W., Boswell, W. R., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(1), 53-81.
  • Budaev, S. V. (1999). Sex differences in the Big Five personality factors: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(5), 801-813.
  • Christen, M., Iyer, G., & Soberman, D. (2006). Job satisfaction, job performance, and effort: A reexamination using agency theory. Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 137-150.
  • Collins, J. M., & Gleaves, D. H. (1998). Race, job applicants, and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Implications for black psychology, industrial / organizational psychology, and the Five-Factor Theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(4), 531-544.
  • Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Holland, J. L. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(3), 390-400.
  • Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322-331.
  • Del Giudice, M., Booth, T., & Irwing, P. (2012). The distance between Mars and Venus: measuring global sex differences in personality. PloS one, 7(1), e29265.
  • Feingold, A. (1995). The additive effects of differences in central tendency and variability are important in comparisons between groups. American Psychologist, 50(1), 5-13.
  • Glisson, C., & Durick, M. (1988). Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in human service organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 61-81.
  • Guion, R. M., & Gottier, R. F. (1965). Validity of personality measures in personnel selection. Personnel Psychology, 18(2), 135-164.
  • Judge, T. A., & Zapata, C. P. (2015). The person-situation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1149-1179.
  • Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-Factor Model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530-541.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407.
  • Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356-374.
  • Karim, N. H. A. (2017). Investigating the correlates and predictors of job satisfaction among Malaysian academic librarians. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 13(2), 69-88.
  • Lippa, R. A. (2010). Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(3), 619-636.
  • Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). Five-Factor Model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance, 11(2-3), 145-165.
  • Örücü, E., Yumuşak, S., & Bozkır, Y. (2006). Kalite yönetimi çerçevesinde bankalarda çalışan personelin iş tatmini ve iş tatminini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 13(1), 39-51.
  • Ozer, D. J., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2006). Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 401-421.
  • Peeters, M. A., van Tuijl, H. F., Rutte, C. G., & Reymen, I. M. (2006). Personality and team performance: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Personality, 20(5), 377-396.
  • Rothmann, S., & Coetzer, E. P. (2003). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1), 68-74.
  • Rothstein, M. G., & Goffin, R. D. (2006). The use of personality measures in personnel selection: What does current research support? Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 155-180.
  • Salgado, J. F. (1997). The Five Factor Model of personality and job performance in the European community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(1), 30-43.
  • Saltukoğlu, G., & Tatar, A. (2018). İş performansının öngörülmesinde kişilik ölçümünün rolü: Öğretmen örneği. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(1), 619-634.
  • Schmitt, D. P., Realo, A., Voracek, M., & Allik, J. (2008). Why can't a man be more like a woman? Sex differences in Big Five personality traits across 55 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(1), 168-182.
  • Schmitt, N., Gooding, R. Z., Noe, R. A., & Kirsch, M. (1984). Metaanalyses of validity studies published between 1964 and 1982 and the investigation of study characteristics. Personnel Psychology, 37(3), 407-422.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M., & Tatar, A. (2004). Kuramdan Uygulamaya Beş Faktör Kişilik Modeli ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri (5FKE). Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, İzmir.
  • Somer, O., Korkmaz, M.& Tatar, A. (2002). Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanterinin geliştirilmesi-I: Ölçek ve alt ölçeklerin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 17(49), 21-37.
  • Tatar, A. (2009). Beş Faktör Kişilik Modeline dayalı olarak sporcu kadın ve erkeklerin kişilik profillerinin karşılaştırılması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 70-80.
  • Tatar, A. (2016). Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanterinin kısa formunun geliştirilmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 17(Ek.1), 14-23.
  • Tatar, A., Şahintürk, H., Saltukoğlu, G., & Telvi, S. (2013). Tiyatro oyuncularının Beş Faktör Modeli çerçevesinden kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve meslek grubu profillerinin oluşturulması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 28(72), 1-16.
  • Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., & Teoman, D. D. (2017). Çalışan genç kadınların kişilik profilleri ve bireycilik-toplulukçuluk özellikleri. İş'te Davranış Dergisi, 2(1), 34-45.
  • Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., Dal, G., & Atay, B. (2013). Eczacıların Beş Faktör Modeli çerçevesinden kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve meslek grubu profillerinin oluşturulması. FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 2, 323-341.
  • Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44(4), 703-742.
  • Vianello, M., Schnabel, K., Sriram, N., & Nosek, B. (2013). Gender differences in implicit and explicit personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(8), 994-999.
  • Weisberg, Y. J., DeYoung, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2(178), 1-11.
  • Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 84-94.
  • Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259-271.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arkun Tatar 0000-0002-2369-9040

Hüdanur Özdemir 0000-0003-0524-1199

Publication Date April 30, 2019
Acceptance Date April 11, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tatar, A., & Özdemir, H. (2019). Profil Analiziyle Kişilik, İş Performası ve İş Doyumu Arası İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. İş’te Davranış Dergisi, 4(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.505520

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