Abstract
This
paper examines the connection between the concept of city and security through
the concept of police. The socio-historical relation between police and city
today has been forgotten and the meaning of the police concept has narrowed.
The police are today either being reduced to a profession-institution whose
function is to catch criminals and prevent crimes; or are seen as a repressive
apparatus with which dominant classes repress the politicization of subordinate
classes. Both approaches are far from capturing the broader socio-political
functions that police power as a form of state power have performed in the
historical process. Based on this critique, the main argument of this study is
that police power does not provide the security of the city just by catching
criminals, preventing crimes or repressing the social politicization; but in
line with specific socio-political projects, it does so by fabricating specific
urban norms, cultural references, identities and behavioural patterns. In this
study, this claim will be discussed within the problematic of transition from
feudalism to capitalism. Furthermore, in conjunction with the main argument,
the study puts forward four interrelated supporting arguments. First, despite
the police’s narrowed meaning, the historical and etymological connection
between city and the police persists. Second, parallel to the changing meaning
of order and social order, the function of the police power has been
altered. Third, the police power has
assumed a key role in fabrication of bourgeois civil society’s values. Fourth,
during the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the police power has played
a regulatory role in transforming the dispossessed masses into wage labour.
Keywords
References
- Bittner, E. (1973). The functions of the police in modern society. Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency.
- Chapman, B. (1970). Police State. London: Pall Mall Press.
- Coleman, R., & McCahill, M. (2011). Surveillance and crime. London: Sage.
- Colquhoun, P. (1806). A treatise on indigence, etc. London: J. Hatchard.
- Dubber, M. D. (2005). The police power: Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Hobbes, T. (1996). Leviathan (R. Tuck, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Marx, K. (2011). Kapital I.Cilt. (M. Selik & N. Satlıgan, Çev.). İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
- Neocleous, M. (2000). The fabrication of social order: A critical theory of police power. London: Pluto Press.
- Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük dönüşüm çağımızın siyasal ve ekonomik kökenleri. (A. Buğra, Çev.) (9. baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Raeff, M. (1983). The well-ordered police state: Social and institutional change through law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600-1800. New Haven: Yale Univ Pr.
- Reiner, R. (2000). The politics of the police (3. baskı). New York: OUP Oxford.
- Rigakos, G. S., McMullan, J. L., Johnson, J., & Özcan, G. (Ed.). (2009). A general police system: Political economy and security in the age of enlightenment. Ottawa: Red Quill Books.
- Smith, A. (1982). Lectures on jurisprudence. (R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael, & P. G. Stein, Ed.). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
- Smith, P. T. (1985). Policing victorian London: Political policing, public order, and the London metropolitan police. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
- Storch, R. D. (1976). The policeman as domestic missionary: Urban discipline and popular culture in Northern England, 1850-1880. Journal of Social History, 9(4), 481–509.
- Taylor, D. (1997). The new police in nineteenth-century England: Crime, conflict and control. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Thompson, E. P. (1966). The making of the English working class. New York: Vintage.
- Thompson, E. P. (1971). The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century. Past and present, (50), 76–136.
- Thompson, E. P. (1993). Customs in common. London: Penguin Books.
- Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, capital and European States: AD 990 - 1992 (Revised edition). Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Abstract
Bu çalışma kent ve
güvenlik arasındaki bağlantıyı polis kavramı üzerinden incelemektedir. Polis
ile kent arasındaki sosyo-tarihsel ilişki bugün unutulmuş ve polis kavramının
anlam yelpazesi daralmıştır. Polis, bugün işlevi ya suçluları yakalamak ve suçu
önlemek olan bir meslek-kuruma indirgenmekte; ya da hâkim sınıfların tabi sınıfların
siyasallaşmasını baskıladığı bir zor aygıtı olarak görülmektedir. Her iki
yaklaşım da devlet erkinin bir formu olarak polis erkinin tarihsel seyir içinde
üstlendiği daha geniş sosyo-politik işlevleri yakalamaktan uzaktır. Bu
eleştiriden hareketle bu çalışmanın temel argümanına göre polis erki kent
güvenliğini, salt suçluları yakalayarak, suçu önleyerek ya da siyasal
toplumsallaşmayı bastırarak değil; özgül sosyo-politik projeler ile uyumlu bir
şekilde kente ait belirli normları, kültürel referansları, kimlikleri ve
davranış kalıplarını imal ederek sağlamaktadır. Bu sav, tarihsel bağlamda,
feodalizmden kapitalizme geçiş sorunsalı çerçevesinde tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca
çalışma, bu temel argümanla bağlantılı olarak dört yan argüman ileri
sürmektedir. Birincisine göre, kent ve polis arasındaki tarihsel ve etimolojik
bağlantı polisin daralan anlamına rağmen bugün de varlığını korumaktadır.
İkincisi, tarihsel seyri içinde düzen ve toplumsal düzen kavramlarındaki
değişikliklere koşut olarak polis erkinin işlevi değişmiştir. Üçüncüsü, polis
erki tarihsel süreç içinde burjuva sivil toplumun değerlerinin üretilmesinde
kilit bir rol üstlenmiştir. Dördüncüsü, feodalizmden kapitalizme geçiş
döneminde polis erki mülksüz yığınların ücretli emeğe dönüşümünde nazım rol oynamıştır.
Keywords
References
- Bittner, E. (1973). The functions of the police in modern society. Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency.
- Chapman, B. (1970). Police State. London: Pall Mall Press.
- Coleman, R., & McCahill, M. (2011). Surveillance and crime. London: Sage.
- Colquhoun, P. (1806). A treatise on indigence, etc. London: J. Hatchard.
- Dubber, M. D. (2005). The police power: Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Hobbes, T. (1996). Leviathan (R. Tuck, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Marx, K. (2011). Kapital I.Cilt. (M. Selik & N. Satlıgan, Çev.). İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
- Neocleous, M. (2000). The fabrication of social order: A critical theory of police power. London: Pluto Press.
- Polanyi, K. (2010). Büyük dönüşüm çağımızın siyasal ve ekonomik kökenleri. (A. Buğra, Çev.) (9. baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
- Raeff, M. (1983). The well-ordered police state: Social and institutional change through law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600-1800. New Haven: Yale Univ Pr.
- Reiner, R. (2000). The politics of the police (3. baskı). New York: OUP Oxford.
- Rigakos, G. S., McMullan, J. L., Johnson, J., & Özcan, G. (Ed.). (2009). A general police system: Political economy and security in the age of enlightenment. Ottawa: Red Quill Books.
- Smith, A. (1982). Lectures on jurisprudence. (R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael, & P. G. Stein, Ed.). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
- Smith, P. T. (1985). Policing victorian London: Political policing, public order, and the London metropolitan police. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
- Storch, R. D. (1976). The policeman as domestic missionary: Urban discipline and popular culture in Northern England, 1850-1880. Journal of Social History, 9(4), 481–509.
- Taylor, D. (1997). The new police in nineteenth-century England: Crime, conflict and control. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- Thompson, E. P. (1966). The making of the English working class. New York: Vintage.
- Thompson, E. P. (1971). The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century. Past and present, (50), 76–136.
- Thompson, E. P. (1993). Customs in common. London: Penguin Books.
- Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, capital and European States: AD 990 - 1992 (Revised edition). Cambridge, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 25, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 23 |
