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Ütopya Tasarımlarında Kent

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 38 - 67, 31.01.2012

Abstract

Tarih
boyunca düşünürler, ideal toplumsal düzene ulaşmanın yollarını
araştırmışlardır. Antik Yunan’dan 20. yüzyıla kadar ortaya konulan ütopyalar,
kenti umut mekanı olarak gören bir anlayışla kurgulanmışlar, sınıflı denetimci
toplumsal düzenlerinde uyum, durağanlık ve türdeşlik simgesi kenti temel
almışlardır. Kentte tasarlanan ütopyalar arasında Platon'un Devlet (İ.Ö.
380-370), More'un Utopia (1516), Campanella'nın Güneş Ülkesi (1623), Bacon'ın
Yeni Atlantis (1627), Cabet'nin Icaria'ya Yolculuk (1840), Bellamy'nin Geçmişe
Bakış (1850-1898), Wells'in Çağdaş Bir Ütopya (1905), Gilman'ın Herland (1915),
Huxley'in Ada (1962), ekolojik kentsel ütopya örneği olarak Ernest
Callenbach’ın Ekotopya (1975), ikili ütopyalara örnek olarak ise Ursula Le
Guin’in Mülksüzler (1974) başlıklı yapıtları verilebilir. 20. yüzyıl sonlarında
gündeme gelen ekolojik ütopyalarda kentler ideal yaşam mekanları olmaktan
çıkmış, kentin yerini kırsal ütopyalar almaya başlamıştır.

References

  • Ağaoğulları, Mehmet Ali ve Levent KÖKER (1991), Tanrı Devletinden Kral-Devlete, İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bacon, Francis (1957), Yeni Atlantis, Maarif Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Bagschik, Thorsten (1996), Utopias in The English-speaking World and the Percep-tion of Economic Reality, Peter Lang, Germany.
  • Bartkowski, Frances (1989), Feminist Utopias, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln & London.
  • Bellamy, Edward (1986), Looking Backward, New York.
  • Bellamy, Edward (2011), Geçmişe Bakış, 2000-1887, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ben-Amittay, Jacob (1983), Siyasal Düşünceler Tarihi, Savaş Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bezel, Nail (Der.) (1984), Yeryüzü Ütopyaları Kurmak, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Booker, M. Keith (1994), Dystopian Literature, Greenwood Press, USA.
  • Callenbach, Ernest (1994), Ekotopya, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Campanella, Tommaso (1996), Güneş Ülkesi, Can Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Eflatun (1971), Devlet, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Gilman, Charlotte P. (1989), The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings, Bantham Books, USA.
  • Glenn, Patrick, ve J. MAX (1962), The Quest for Utopia, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Huxley, Aldous (1983), Ada, Yol Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kumar, Krishan (1991), Utopianism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
  • Le Guin, Ursula (1990) Mülksüzler, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Macdonald, Alexander (1990), "Bellamy, Morris, and the Great Victorian Debate", Florence Boos (ed.), Socialism and the Literary Artistry of William Morris, Uni-versity of Missouri, Columbia.
  • More, Thomas (1995), Utopia, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Mumford, Lewis (1996), Makina Efsanesi, İnsan Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Negley, Glenn ve J. Max Patrick (1962), The Quest for Utopia, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Tanilli, Server (1991), Uygarlık Tarihi, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Thomas, John L. (1983), Alternave America, Harvard University Press, USA.
  • Walsh, Chad (1962), From Utopia to Nightmare, Geoffrey Bles, London.
  • Wells, H. G. (1967), A Modern Utopia, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

The Cities at Utopian Designs

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 38 - 67, 31.01.2012

Abstract

Throughout
the history, philosophers searched out the alternative ways of reaching the
ideal community. The cities of utopias which were produced from the Ancient
Greek to the twentieth century, were designed as the spaces of hope; the cities
were seen as the places of harmony, static, homogenity. There were Platon’s
‘The Republic’ (BC. 380-370), More’s ‘Utopia’ (1516), Campanella’s ‘City of the
Sun’ (1623), Bacon’s ‘New Atlantis’ (1627), Cabet’nin ‘The Voyage to Icaria’
(1840), Bellamy’s ‘Looking Backward’ (1850-1898), Wells’ ‘A Modern Utopia’
(1905), Gilman’s ‘Herland’ (1915), Huxley’s ‘Island’ (1962), Callenbach’s
ecological utopia ‘Ecotopia’ (1975), Le Guin’s ‘The Dispossessed’ among the
utopias which were designed in cities. 
At the new ecological utopias that were put forward in the end of the
twentieth century, the cities were not being the places of ideal communities,
but the places of disutopias. At the twenty-first century, the places of
utopias are designed in rural areas, not in the big cities.

References

  • Ağaoğulları, Mehmet Ali ve Levent KÖKER (1991), Tanrı Devletinden Kral-Devlete, İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bacon, Francis (1957), Yeni Atlantis, Maarif Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Bagschik, Thorsten (1996), Utopias in The English-speaking World and the Percep-tion of Economic Reality, Peter Lang, Germany.
  • Bartkowski, Frances (1989), Feminist Utopias, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln & London.
  • Bellamy, Edward (1986), Looking Backward, New York.
  • Bellamy, Edward (2011), Geçmişe Bakış, 2000-1887, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ben-Amittay, Jacob (1983), Siyasal Düşünceler Tarihi, Savaş Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Bezel, Nail (Der.) (1984), Yeryüzü Ütopyaları Kurmak, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Booker, M. Keith (1994), Dystopian Literature, Greenwood Press, USA.
  • Callenbach, Ernest (1994), Ekotopya, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Campanella, Tommaso (1996), Güneş Ülkesi, Can Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Eflatun (1971), Devlet, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Gilman, Charlotte P. (1989), The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings, Bantham Books, USA.
  • Glenn, Patrick, ve J. MAX (1962), The Quest for Utopia, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Huxley, Aldous (1983), Ada, Yol Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Kumar, Krishan (1991), Utopianism, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
  • Le Guin, Ursula (1990) Mülksüzler, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Macdonald, Alexander (1990), "Bellamy, Morris, and the Great Victorian Debate", Florence Boos (ed.), Socialism and the Literary Artistry of William Morris, Uni-versity of Missouri, Columbia.
  • More, Thomas (1995), Utopia, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Mumford, Lewis (1996), Makina Efsanesi, İnsan Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Negley, Glenn ve J. Max Patrick (1962), The Quest for Utopia, Anchor Books, New York.
  • Tanilli, Server (1991), Uygarlık Tarihi, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Thomas, John L. (1983), Alternave America, Harvard University Press, USA.
  • Walsh, Chad (1962), From Utopia to Nightmare, Geoffrey Bles, London.
  • Wells, H. G. (1967), A Modern Utopia, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kıvılcım Akkoyunlu Ertan This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Akkoyunlu Ertan, K. (2012). Ütopya Tasarımlarında Kent. İDEALKENT, 3(5), 38-67.