Viyana ve İstanbul’daki Kent Bostanları: Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 21, 159 - 180, 01.05.2018

Burçin Henden Şolt Gamze Kaymak Heinz

Abstract

Gerek Michelle Obama’nın Beyaz Saray’daki sebze bahçesi,
gerek dünyanın bir çok kentinde sade vatandaşların “Community Gardens”, “City
Farms” veya “hobi bahçeleri” adı altında birer kent bostanına sahip olup, kendi
bahçelerinin bahçıvanı olarak “sağlıklı” üretilmiş gıdalarını garanti altına
almak istemeleri, kentte farklı bir yaşam biçiminin habercisidirler. New York,
Londra ve Berlin gibi bir çok kentte görülen bu akımın uzantıları “ortak bahçeler”
veya “kent bostanları” tanımlamalarıyla Viyana ve Istanbul’da da başlatılmış ve
kamu oyunun ilgisini kazanmıştır. Bu eğilim geçici bir moda olarak
algılanmaması, ister ekonomik amaçla ister kentsel tasarımda söz sahibi olmak,
isterse de ekolojik farkındalığın artışı için olsun, kent sakinlerinin
çevreleriyle bağlantı kurma isteği olarak görülmesi gerekir. Bu çalışmada
hayata geçirilişi bulundukları yerin toplumsal dinamiklerine bağlı olarak,
farklılıklar gösterse de, ortak paydaları insanların ortak ihtiyacı olan ve
aynı zamanda kent tarımcılığının bir boyutu olan, “ortak bahçe” veya “hobi
bahçesi” olarak adlandırılan “kent bostanları”nın Avusturya’nın başkenti
Viyana’da ve Türkiye’nin en büyük kenti İstanbul’daki oluşumları ile
uygulamalarındaki ortak, benzer veya farklı boyutları araştırılmıştır. Hem
yapılaşmanın çok yoğun olduğu İstanbul’da, hem de yeşil alanları azınsanmayacak
ölçeklere sahip Viyana’da, özellikle şehir içinde, üretken peyzajlar,
bostanlar, balkon bahçeleri yapmak giderek daha çok insanın ilgisini
çekmektedir. Yeşilsiz yapılaşmanın hakim olduğu İstanbul coğrafyasında giderek
azalan üretken, tarihi peyzajları bir yandan tarihsel kimliği ve kültürel
birikimi günümüze taşırken, diğer yandan yeni üretken alanlara ilham kaynağı
olmakta ve halihazırda sahip olunanların önemini yeniden hatırlatmaktadırlar.

Keywords

Hobi bahçeleri, İstanbul kent bostanları, Viyana kent bostanları, Yerel yönetimler, Kentsel tarım

Urban Gardens in Vienna and Istanbul: A Review

Abstract

The
vegetable garden of Michelle Obama in The White House, as well as the
‘community gardens’, ‘city farms’ or ‘hobby gardens’ owned by city-dwellers all
around the world, herald a new urban lifestyle in the pursuit of healthy food
cultivated in personal gardens. Repercussions of this current, seen primarily
in New York, London and Berlin among others, also began in Vienna and Istanbul
and grabbed public attention. This tendency should be considered not as a
temporary trend, but a desire of inhabitants to establish a connection with
their environment, even if it is only for economic purposes, to have a say in
urban design or to raise ecologic awareness. The objective of this study was to
analyze common, similar or different aspects of community gardens in Vienna,
the Austrian capital and Istanbul, the most important city in Turkey, with
respect to formation and implementation; these gardens are called ‘common
gardens’ or ‘hobby gardens’ as an aspect of urban agriculture needed by people
with common grounds despite certain differences in realization with regard to
social dynamics of relevant place. Istanbul is known for dense housing, while
Vienna is famous for its wide green spaces; nevertheless, productive
landscaping, gardens and balcony gardening are gradually becoming more popular
among inhabitants in both cities, especially in central areas. Fertile,
historical landscaping keeps diminishing in Istanbul where green-less housing
dominates; therefore, these applications bring the historical identity and
cultural richness into our day; besides, they inspire new productive spaces and
remind the importance of present ones.

Keywords

Hobby gardens, Istanbul urban gardens, Viennese urban gardens, Local government, Urban Farming

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