Kenti Bourdieu’yle Düşünmek: İlişkisi, İlkeleri ve Uygulamaları

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 26, 146 - 175, 14.05.2019

Loïc Wacquant

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.562679

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu
makale, [International Journal of Urban and Regional Research’ün önümüzdeki iki
sayısı boyunca] “Etkinlikler ve Tartışmalar” bölümünde yer verilecek olan
“Bourdieu’yü Kente Getirmek” seminerinin ana hatlarını ele alıyor. Öncelikle,
Bourdieu’nün Béarn ve Cezayir’de yürüttüğü, iktidar, mekan ve kentleşme temalı
erken dönem çalışmalarını, Fransız metropolündeki toplumsal sefaleti incelediği
geç dönem çalışmasıyla ilişkilendirerek Bourdieu sosyolojisinin kent
çalışmaları için önemini ortaya koyuyorum. Ardından, Bourdieu’nün araştırma
pratiğine hayat veren ve kent araştırmalarına verimli bir şekilde rehberlik
edebilecek dört kesişen ilkeye ışık tutuyorum: Bachelardçı epistemolojik kopuş
ve ihtiyat koşulu; faili (habitus), dünyayı (alana kaynaklık eden toplumsal
uzam) ve araştırmacının kategorilerini (epistemik düşünümsellik) üçlü bir
tarihselleştirmeye tabi tutmayı gerektiren Weberci buyruk; sembolik uzam,
toplumsal uzam ve fiziksel uzam arasındaki karşılıklı mütekabiliyetin izini
sürebilmek için topolojik akıl yürütme türüne başvurmaya çağıran
Leibnizci-Durkheimcı davet; sembolik yapıların teşkil edici etkinliğinin
farkında olmaya çağıran Cassirerci uğrak. Ayrıca, Bourdieucü kent
araştırmacılarının kaçınmaları gereken üç tuzağa işaret ediyorum: Bunlardan
ilki kavram fetişizmidir; ikincisi, Bourdieu’nün kavramlarının teşvik ettiği
araştırma işlemlerinin uygulanamadığı hallerde bile “Bourdieucü konuşma”
cazibesidir; üçüncüsü ise kavramları uyarlayarak kullanmanın daha üretken
olduğu durumlarda bile Bourdieucü kuramsal çerçevenin bir blok olarak
dayatılmasıdır.

Keywords

Bourdieu, kent, uzam, sosyal topoloji, sembolik iktidar, epistemolojik ihtiyat, kamp, kentleşme, kent çalışmaları

Bourdieu Comes to Town: Pertinence, Principles, Applications

Abstract

This article frames the themes of the two‐part Interventions section
‘Bourdieu Comes to Town’. I first establish the pertinence of Bourdieu's
sociology for students of the city by revisiting his youthful work on power,
space, and the diffusion of urban forms in provincial Béarn and colonial
Algeria. In both cases, urbanization is the key vector of transformation, and
the city, town, or camp the site anchoring the forces dissolving the social
fabric of the French countryside and overturning French imperialism in North
Africa. These early studies establish that all social and mental structures
have spatial correlates and conditions of possibility; that social distance and
power relations are both expressed in and reinforced by spatial distance; and
that propinquity to the center of accumulation of capital (economic, military,
or cultural) is a key determinant of the force and velocity of social change.
Next, I discuss four principles that undergird Bourdieu's investigations and
can profitably drive urban inquiry: the Bachelardian moment of epistemological
rupture, the Weberian invitation to historicize the agent (habitus), the world
(social space) and the categories of the analyst (epistemic reflexivity); the
Leibnizian‐Durkheimian imperative to deploy the topological mode of
reasoning; and Cassirer's command to heed the constitutive efficacy of symbolic
structures. The plasticity and productivity of his concepts suggest that
Bourdieu can not only energize urban inquiry but also merge it into a broader
analytic of the trialectic of symbolic division, social space, and the built
environment. This paves a pathway for reconceptualizing the urban as the domain
of accumulation, differentiation and contestation of manifold forms of capital,
which makes the city a central ground, product, and prize of historical
struggles.

Keywords

Bourdieu, city, space, social topography, symbolic power, epistemological vigilance, camp, urbanization, urban studies

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