Kentsel Dirençlilik Perspektifinden Yerel Yönetimlerin Görevleri ve Sorumlulukları

Year 2019, Volume: 10 Issue: 28, 984 - 1019, 31.12.2019

Çiğdem Tuğaç

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.634144

Cited By: 20

Abstract

Günümüzde kentler alan ve nüfus bakımından büyürken, karşı karşıya bulundukları tehlikeler ve riskler de artmaktadır. Ancak kentler sadece risklerin değil, aynı zamanda kaynakların, yatırımların, altyapının, sosyal ağların ve yeniliklerin de odağıdır. Onlarca yılda edinilen ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel kazanımların, aniden ortaya çıkan şoklar veya daha uzun dönemde gelişen streslerle kaybedilmemesi doğrultusunda kentsel dirençliliğin oluşturulması oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü kentlerin geleceği söz konusu zorluklarla baş edebilme kapasitelerine bağlıdır. Bunun sağlanması için yerel yönetimlere önemli görevler ve sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Kentler afet risklerine ve diğer tehlikelere karşı eyleme geçilecek en uygun idari kademeyi temsil etmektedirler.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kentsel dirençlilik perspektifinden yerel yönetimlerin görevlerinin ve sorumluluklarının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada öncelikle dirençlilik kavramı ve kentsel dirençliliğin kapsamı incelenmiştir. Kentsel dirençlilik için yerel yönetimlerin afet riski azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum faaliyetlerinin içeriği irdelenerek; dirençlilik bağlamında yerel yönetimlerin çalışmalarına yön veren Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Sözleşmeleri ve örnek yerel yönetim uygulamaları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada afet riski azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerinin bütünleşik bir yaklaşımla ele alınmasının ve uygulanma durumlarının gözden geçirilmesinin, kentsel dirençliliğin sağlanmasında ve yerel yönetimlerin risklere karşı hazır bulunuşluğunda önemli olduğu; farklı yönetim kademeleri arasındaki koordinasyon eksikliklerini en aza indirdiği ve yatırımların etkinliğini arttırdığı sonucuna erişilmiştir. Kentsel dirençlilikle ilgili olarak yerel yönetimlerce geliştirilecek stratejilerin, BM Sözleşmelerinin temel unsurlarıyla ilişkilendirilmesinin bütünleşik, katılımcı, sürdürülebilir ve güçlü politikalar üretilmesine katkı sağlayacağı, çalışmada elde edilen bir diğer önemli sonuçtur.

Keywords

Kentsel dirençlilik, afet riski azaltımı, iklim değişikliğine uyum, sürdürülebilirlik

Duties and Responsibilities of Local Governments from Urban Resilience Perspective

Abstract

Today, while cities are growing in terms of area and population, the hazards and risks they face are also increasing. But cities are not only the focus of risks, but also the focus of resources, investments, infrastructure, social networks and innovations. In order to prevent decades of economic, social, cultural and environmental gains from sudden shocks or longer-term stresses, it is important to establish urban resilience. Because the future of cities depends on their capa- city to cope with these challenges. In order to achieve this, local authorities have important responsibilities and duties. Cities represent the most proper administrative level to take action against disaster risks and other hazards.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the responsibilities and duties of local governments from the perspective of urban resilience. In this study, firstly, the concept of resilience and the scope of urban resilience have been examined. The content of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation activities of local governments for urban resilience was examined and the United Nations (UN) Conventions that guide the work of local governments in the context of resilience and exemplary local government practices were evaluated. In the study, it was found as a result that to consider disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation actions with an integrated approach and to review their implementation situations will provide ensuring urban resilience and local governments' readiness for risks. It was also found that it minimizes coordination deficiencies between different management levels and increases the efficiency of investments. Another important finding of the study was that associating with the basic elements of UN Conventions in determining strategies to be developed by local governments regarding urban resilience will contribute to the production of integrated, participatory, sustainable and strong policies.

Keywords

Urban resilience, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, sustainability

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