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Tarihçilikte “Mekânın Yeniden Keşfi”: Osmanlı Şehir Çalışmaları İçin Öneriler

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 30, 678 - 700, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.776033

Abstract

XX. yüzyılın başlarına yani daha yüz yıl öncesine kadar insanoğlunun zihni, mekân odaklı düşünmeye alışık idi. Şehirler, yollar ve her türlü yapı inşa edilirken yerin mekânsal-topografik uygunluğuna bakılır; her türlü gündelik işte mesafeler ve mekânsal imkanlar öncelikle dikkate alınırdı. XX. yüzyılda mekân, tarihî, sosyo-politik ve iktisadi analizlerde bu ana belirleyiciliğini kaybetti ve hatta ihmal edilebilecek bir faktör olarak görüldü. 1960’lardan itibaren ise mekânın yeniden keşfi (spatial turn) olarak adlandırılan bir dönem başladı. Mekânın sembolik değeri, mekân üzerindeki politika biçimleri, mekânın tarihsel süreçlerde sosyal olarak üretimi ve yeniden üretimi gibi kavramsallaştırma ve sorular tartışıldı, mekân odaklı olarak gündelik tarih pratikleri çalışıldı ve sosyo-ekonomik yapı ve eğilimlerle mekânın ilişkileri araştırıldı. Bu süreç, bir mekân olarak şehir çalışmalarını, tarihçilikte mekân odaklı değerlendirmeleri ve özellikle şehir tarihi, sanat ve mimarlık tarihi ve tarihsel coğrafya çalışmalarını yakından etkilemiştir. Makalede mekânın değişen algısı ve bu sürecin Osmanlı şehir tarihçiliğine yansıması üzerinde durulacaktır. 1990 sonrası Osmanlı şehir tarihi çalışmalarının ivmesi değerlendirilerek mekân ve şehir odağında sosyal bilim, tarih ve coğrafya alanındaki kesişmelere dikkat çekilecektir. Osmanlı şehir kaynaklarından (vakıf, sicil, avarız ve kefalet kayıtları) verilecek örneklerle yeni dönem şehir tarihçiliğinin diğer ilim sahaları ile etkileşiminin verimli sonuçlarına vurgu yapılacak ve Osmanlı şehirleri için sosyal-mekansal tarih yaklaşımı önerisinde bulunulacaktır.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

114K305

References

  • Abbot, C. (1996). Thinking about cities: The central tradition in U.S. urban history. Journal of Urban History, 22 (6), 687-701.
  • Arû, K. A. (1998). Türk kenti: Türk kent dokularının incelenmesine ve bugünkü koşullar içinde değerlendirilmesine ilişkin yöntem araştırması.
  • Baigent, E. (1999). Typologies of urban history. Journal of Urban History, 25 (4), 536-546.
  • Bazzaz, S. (2013). Imperial geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman space. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: Center for Hellenic Studies.
  • Briggs, Asa (1963). Victorian cities. Londra: Odhams Press.
  • Brummett. P. (2015). Mapping the Ottomans: Sovereignty, territory, and identity in the early modern Mediterranean. Cambridge University Press.
  • Christaller, W. (1933). Die zentralen orte in Süddeutschland.
  • Costantini, V., Faroqhi, S., Costantini, V., & Koller, M. (2008). Living in the Ottoman ecumenical community: Essays in honour of Suraiya Faroqhi. Leiden: Brill.
  • Çelik, Z. (2008). Empire, architecture, and the city: French-Ottoman encounters, 1830-1914. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Dyos, H. J. (1971). Agenda for urban historians, a.mlf. (der.), The Study of Urban History içinde (ss. 1-26). London: E. Arnold.
  • Emiralioğlu, M. P. (2016). Geographical knowledge and imperial culture in the early modern Ottoman Empire.
  • Freitag, U. (2014). The city in the Ottoman empire: Migration and the making of urban modernity. London: Routledge.
  • Freitag, U., & Lafi, N. (2014). Urban governance under the Ottomans: Between cosmopolitanism and conflict. London: Routledge.
  • Ghobrial, J.-P. A. (2014). The whispers of cities: Information flows in Istanbul, London, and Paris in the age of William Trumbull. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (1990). The Condition of postmodernity: An Enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
  • Harvey, D. (2006). Paris, capital of modernity. New York: Routledge.
  • Harvey, D. (2007). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2009a). Social justice and the city. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2009b). Cosmopolitanism and the geographies of freedom. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2019a). Spaces of global capitalism: A theory of uneven geographical development.
  • Harvey, D. (2019b). Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution.
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pivot_area.png, 20.01.2020.
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahan_Problem_of_Asia_1900.png, 20.01.2020.
  • Kadı, I. H. (2012). Ottoman and Dutch merchants in the eighteenth century: Competition and cooperation in Ankara, Izmir, and Amsterdam. Leiden: Brill.
  • Lefebvre, Henri. (1968). Le Droit à la ville. Paris.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1974). La production de l'espace. Paris.
  • Mumford, L. (2007). Tarih boyunca kent. Çev. Tamer Tosun ve Gürol Koca. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. Ragon, M. (2010). Modern mimarlık ve şehircilik tarihi, çev. Murat Aykaç Erginöz. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Recep, Fuat, Sabri Atay, Hüseyin Kılıç, Yılmaz Karaca, Rasim Erol, Salih Kahraman. (2010). İstanbul kadı sicilleri 21, İstanbul: İSAM.
  • Schnore, Leo F. (1975). Urban history and the social sciences: An Uneasy marriage. Journal of Urban History, 1 (4), 395-408.
  • Sluglett, Peter ve Edmund Burke III. (2008). Introduction. The Urban Social History of Middle East, 1-42.
  • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Soja, E. W. (2012). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. London: Verso.
  • Soja, E. W. (2014). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Malden, Mass. [u.a.: Blackwell Publ.
  • Soja, E. W. (2015). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Sutcliffe, A. R. (1984). Urban history in the eighties: Reflections on the H. J. Dyos memorial conference. Journal of Urban History, 10(2), 123–144.
  • Tilly, Charles. (1996). What good is urban history? Journal of Urban History, 22 (6), 702-716.
  • Uğur, Y. (2005). Şehir tarihi ve Türkiye’de şehir tarihçiliği. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi. 3 (6), 9-26.
  • Uğur, Y. (2013). Şehirlerin köşe taşları, baniler-müverrihler: Tosyavizade Dr. Rıfat Osman (1874-1933). Şehir ve Düşünce, 1, 19-23.
  • Uğur, Y. (2014). The Historical interaction of the city with its mahalles: Ottoman Edirne in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Uğur, Y. (2016). Osmanlı şehir tipolojileri ve atlası (1450-1700). TÜBİTAK ARDEB Proje No: 114K305.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018a). Big data in Ottoman urban studies: A Relational approach to the archival data and to socio-spatial analyses of an early modern ottoman City. Social Sciences-MDPI, 7 (4), 1-12.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018b). Mapping Ottoman cities: Socio-spatial definitions and groupings (1450–1700), Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 18 (3), 16-65.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018c). Osmanlı şehirleri atlasına doğru, 1450-1700. K. İlker Bulur, Fatih Bozkurt, M. Cihat İzgi eds., Osmanlı'da şehir, vakıf ve sosyal hayat. İstanbul, Mahya Yayınları, 15-35.
  • Uğur, Y. (2019). Yaşayan ve yaşanabilir Üsküdar. Üsküdar Kültür, Sanat ve Medeniyet Dergisi, 8, 10-13.
  • Ünver, Süheyl. (2012). Üsküdarnâme, İstanbul: Üsküdar Belediyesi Yayınları.
  • Wade, Richard. (1959). The Urban frontier. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Wright, Richard ve Natalia Koch. (2017). Geography in the ivy league. https://geography.dartmouth.edu/sites/geography.dartmouth.edu/files/ivy_geog.pdf, 20/05/2020.
  • Withers, C.W.J. (2009). Place and the "spatial turn" in geography and in history. Journal of the History of Ideas 70 (4), 637-658.
  • Zandi-Sayek, S. (2012). Ottoman Izmir: The rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840/1880. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Zarinebaf, F., Bennet, J., & Davis, J. L. (2005). A historical and economic geography of Ottoman Greece: The southwestern Morea in the 18th century. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens

The “Spatial Turn” in Historiography:Suggestions for Ottoman Urban Studies

Year 2020, Volume: 11 Issue: 30, 678 - 700, 31.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.776033

Abstract

Almost a hundred-year ago, everybody is used to think spatially while constructing cities and any buildings as well as deciding wars and establishing trade networks. However, spatially thinking lost its priority in time in analyses of historical, socio-political, and economic issues. Nevertheless, a new approach has appeared since the 1960s, which came to be known as “the spatial turn.” This led, first, to rethink the symbolic meaning of space, space politics, and production and reproduction of space in different socio-historical conditions and, second, to study daily practices and socio-historical structures from the spatial point of view. Since then, new types of studies have affected and reconstructed many disciplines such as urban history, arts and architectural history, and historical geography. This article evaluates the trends in urban historical studies in Turkey after the 1990s considering the spatial-turn and interactions among socio-historical and geographical approaches and methods. In pursuit of interdisciplinary endeavors among these disciplines, this article suggests using socio-spatial historical approach giving some examples from the Ottoman cities -derived from Ottoman primary sources such as waqfiyas, the sijils, and the tax records- indicating exploratory methods and analyses leading us to new questions and answers in Ottoman urban history.

Project Number

114K305

References

  • Abbot, C. (1996). Thinking about cities: The central tradition in U.S. urban history. Journal of Urban History, 22 (6), 687-701.
  • Arû, K. A. (1998). Türk kenti: Türk kent dokularının incelenmesine ve bugünkü koşullar içinde değerlendirilmesine ilişkin yöntem araştırması.
  • Baigent, E. (1999). Typologies of urban history. Journal of Urban History, 25 (4), 536-546.
  • Bazzaz, S. (2013). Imperial geographies in Byzantine and Ottoman space. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: Center for Hellenic Studies.
  • Briggs, Asa (1963). Victorian cities. Londra: Odhams Press.
  • Brummett. P. (2015). Mapping the Ottomans: Sovereignty, territory, and identity in the early modern Mediterranean. Cambridge University Press.
  • Christaller, W. (1933). Die zentralen orte in Süddeutschland.
  • Costantini, V., Faroqhi, S., Costantini, V., & Koller, M. (2008). Living in the Ottoman ecumenical community: Essays in honour of Suraiya Faroqhi. Leiden: Brill.
  • Çelik, Z. (2008). Empire, architecture, and the city: French-Ottoman encounters, 1830-1914. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Dyos, H. J. (1971). Agenda for urban historians, a.mlf. (der.), The Study of Urban History içinde (ss. 1-26). London: E. Arnold.
  • Emiralioğlu, M. P. (2016). Geographical knowledge and imperial culture in the early modern Ottoman Empire.
  • Freitag, U. (2014). The city in the Ottoman empire: Migration and the making of urban modernity. London: Routledge.
  • Freitag, U., & Lafi, N. (2014). Urban governance under the Ottomans: Between cosmopolitanism and conflict. London: Routledge.
  • Ghobrial, J.-P. A. (2014). The whispers of cities: Information flows in Istanbul, London, and Paris in the age of William Trumbull. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (1990). The Condition of postmodernity: An Enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
  • Harvey, D. (2006). Paris, capital of modernity. New York: Routledge.
  • Harvey, D. (2007). Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2009a). Social justice and the city. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2009b). Cosmopolitanism and the geographies of freedom. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2019a). Spaces of global capitalism: A theory of uneven geographical development.
  • Harvey, D. (2019b). Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution.
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pivot_area.png, 20.01.2020.
  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahan_Problem_of_Asia_1900.png, 20.01.2020.
  • Kadı, I. H. (2012). Ottoman and Dutch merchants in the eighteenth century: Competition and cooperation in Ankara, Izmir, and Amsterdam. Leiden: Brill.
  • Lefebvre, Henri. (1968). Le Droit à la ville. Paris.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1974). La production de l'espace. Paris.
  • Mumford, L. (2007). Tarih boyunca kent. Çev. Tamer Tosun ve Gürol Koca. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları. Ragon, M. (2010). Modern mimarlık ve şehircilik tarihi, çev. Murat Aykaç Erginöz. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Recep, Fuat, Sabri Atay, Hüseyin Kılıç, Yılmaz Karaca, Rasim Erol, Salih Kahraman. (2010). İstanbul kadı sicilleri 21, İstanbul: İSAM.
  • Schnore, Leo F. (1975). Urban history and the social sciences: An Uneasy marriage. Journal of Urban History, 1 (4), 395-408.
  • Sluglett, Peter ve Edmund Burke III. (2008). Introduction. The Urban Social History of Middle East, 1-42.
  • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking spatial justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Soja, E. W. (2012). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. London: Verso.
  • Soja, E. W. (2014). Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Malden, Mass. [u.a.: Blackwell Publ.
  • Soja, E. W. (2015). Postmetropolis: Critical studies of cities and regions. Sutcliffe, A. R. (1984). Urban history in the eighties: Reflections on the H. J. Dyos memorial conference. Journal of Urban History, 10(2), 123–144.
  • Tilly, Charles. (1996). What good is urban history? Journal of Urban History, 22 (6), 702-716.
  • Uğur, Y. (2005). Şehir tarihi ve Türkiye’de şehir tarihçiliği. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi. 3 (6), 9-26.
  • Uğur, Y. (2013). Şehirlerin köşe taşları, baniler-müverrihler: Tosyavizade Dr. Rıfat Osman (1874-1933). Şehir ve Düşünce, 1, 19-23.
  • Uğur, Y. (2014). The Historical interaction of the city with its mahalles: Ottoman Edirne in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Uğur, Y. (2016). Osmanlı şehir tipolojileri ve atlası (1450-1700). TÜBİTAK ARDEB Proje No: 114K305.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018a). Big data in Ottoman urban studies: A Relational approach to the archival data and to socio-spatial analyses of an early modern ottoman City. Social Sciences-MDPI, 7 (4), 1-12.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018b). Mapping Ottoman cities: Socio-spatial definitions and groupings (1450–1700), Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies. 18 (3), 16-65.
  • Uğur, Y. (2018c). Osmanlı şehirleri atlasına doğru, 1450-1700. K. İlker Bulur, Fatih Bozkurt, M. Cihat İzgi eds., Osmanlı'da şehir, vakıf ve sosyal hayat. İstanbul, Mahya Yayınları, 15-35.
  • Uğur, Y. (2019). Yaşayan ve yaşanabilir Üsküdar. Üsküdar Kültür, Sanat ve Medeniyet Dergisi, 8, 10-13.
  • Ünver, Süheyl. (2012). Üsküdarnâme, İstanbul: Üsküdar Belediyesi Yayınları.
  • Wade, Richard. (1959). The Urban frontier. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Wright, Richard ve Natalia Koch. (2017). Geography in the ivy league. https://geography.dartmouth.edu/sites/geography.dartmouth.edu/files/ivy_geog.pdf, 20/05/2020.
  • Withers, C.W.J. (2009). Place and the "spatial turn" in geography and in history. Journal of the History of Ideas 70 (4), 637-658.
  • Zandi-Sayek, S. (2012). Ottoman Izmir: The rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840/1880. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Zarinebaf, F., Bennet, J., & Davis, J. L. (2005). A historical and economic geography of Ottoman Greece: The southwestern Morea in the 18th century. Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yunus Uğur 0000-0003-4478-3441

Project Number 114K305
Publication Date August 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 11 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Uğur, Y. (2020). Tarihçilikte “Mekânın Yeniden Keşfi”: Osmanlı Şehir Çalışmaları İçin Öneriler. İDEALKENT, 11(30), 678-700. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.776033