Geleceğe Dönüş: COVID-19 Sonrası Mimarlığını 1960’lar Fütürizmi Üzerinden Yorumlama

Yıl 2021, Sayı: COVID-19 Sonrası Kentsel Kamusal Mekânların Dönüşümü, 564 - 585, 28.09.2021

Elif Öztek , Bilge Karakaş

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.879088

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisi, mimari ve kentsel mekan ihtiyaçlarını ve pratiklerini değiştirmeye başladı. Bugüne dek pandeminin mimarlık üzerindeki yalnızca kısa vadeli etkileri görülmüştür ve uzun vadeli etkileri hakkında tartışmalar hâlâ devam etmektedir. Bu makale, 1960'larda diğer salgınlar ve savaşlar sonrası yaratılan fütüristik mimari projeler aracılığıyla, pandemi sonrası mimarisinin uzun vadeli sonuçlarını öngörmeyi amaçlar. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu çalışmada öncelikle 19. yüzyılda başlayan salgınlar sonrası oluşturulan mimari kriterler hakkında literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ardından, fütürist mimarlık hareketinin üç önemli figürü olan Buckminster Fuller, Reyner Banham ve Archigram, örnek vakalar olarak seçilmiştir. Bu mimarların teorileri ve projeleri, 60lar fütürizminin steril, izole ve teknolojiye dayanan yönlerini vurgulayarak incelenmiştir. COVID-19 salgını sonrası belirlenen sağlıklı çevre kriterlerini ve kısa dönemde ortaya çıkan mimari tartışmaları da irdeleyerek, bu mimarların özgün teorileri ve bilimkurgu projeleri, günümüzdeki pandemi sürecinin mekansal pratikleri açısından incelenmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Bu önemli figürlerin eserleri yorumlandığında; teknoloji ve altyapının bireyi özgürleştirdiği, açık-uçlu, göçebe, formsuz bir mimarlık, pandemi sonrası yapılı çevre ile ilişkilendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 mimarisi, pandemi sonrası mimarlık, mimari ütopyalar, fütürist mimarlık

Back to the Future: Interpretation of Post-COVID-19 Architecture through 1960s Futurism

Öz

COVID-19 has changed configuration and need in architectural and urban space. Today, only the pandemic’s short-term consequences have been seen in architecture, whereas the long-term influences are being discussed. This article aims to look for insight into post-pandemic architecture in the long term through futuristic projects in the 1960s. Therefore, a literature review about post-disease architecture after 19th century epidemics and healthy environment criteria for COVID-19 were conducted in this study. Then, three significant figures of the futurist movement were chosen as case studies: Buckminster Fuller, Reyner Banham, and Archigram. Their distinctive theories and unique science-fiction projects were examined and discussed concerning contagious diseases and pandemic's reflections on spaces. According to the interpretation of these architect’s works and arguments, an open-ended, nomadic, formless architecture in which technology and infrastructure gave the individual better freedom could be associated with the post-pandemic built environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19 architecture, post-pandemic architecture, architectural utopias, futurist architecture

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