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Urbanization Policies in the Context of Climate Resilient Development

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 37, 1640 - 1666, 14.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1116760

Abstract

The devastating effects of climate change on a global scale continue to be seen more rapidly, more widely and more severely. Climate-related extreme weather events and disasters not only cause loss of life and property, but also affect environment and all living things, economies and social structure. The studies conducted by IPCC have demonstrated that said negative results will increasingly continue in the upcoming period has led to focus on the climate-resilient develop-ment approach, and to focus on urban areas where population, investments and economic activi-ties are concentrated. In this direction, the aim of this study is to evaluate climate resilient deve-lopment approach in the context of urbanization policy. In the study, it was concluded that bi-ophysical, economic and social stress factors caused by climate change or worsened by the effects of climate change affect urban resilience and that climate resilient development approach, which integrates greenhouse gas reduction and climate change adaptation actions, provides an impor-tant window of opportunity in providing resilience against these stress factors. Another impor-tant result of study is that implementation of climate resilient development approach will provide appropriate environment for realization of other goals on the basis of Climate Action, the 13th of United Nations SDGs.

References

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  • IPCC. (2014). Ipcc fifth assessment report of the İntergovernmental panel on climate change. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC. (2018a). Ipcc 2018: global warming of 1.5°c. an ıpcc special report. IPCC.
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  • Keleş, R. ve Hamamcı, C. (1998). Çevre bilim. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Keleş, R. (2013). Kentleşme politikası, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Keleş, R. ve Mengi, A. (2017). Kent hukuku. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Kongsager, R. (2018). Linking climate change adaptation and mitigation: a review with evidence from the land-use sectors. MDPI Land, 7(4), 1-19.
  • Liu, Z., Ciais, P., Deng, Z., Lei, R., Davis, S. J., Feng, S., Schellnhuber, H. J. (2020). Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Communications, 11(5172), 1-12.
  • Measham, T., Preston, B. L., Smith, T. F., Brooke, C., Goddard, R., Withycombe, G. ve Morrison, C. (2011). Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: barriers and challenges. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 16, 889-909.
  • Mengi, A. ve Algan, N. (2003). Küreselleşme ve yerelleşme çağında bölgesel sürdürülebilir gelişme. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Nair, S. (2010). Chapter 1: introduction. Climate resilient and sustainable urban development içinde (ss. 3-8). India: DFID.
  • Panenko, A., George, E. ve Lutoff, C. (2021. Towards the development of climate adaptation knowledge-action systems in the european union: an institutional approach to climateservice analysis. Climate Services, 24, 1-12.
  • PMO. (2021). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. 14 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://pmo.partners/surdurulebilir-kalkinma-amaclari/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Prasad, N., Ranghieri, F., Shah, F., Trohanis , Z., Kessler, E., and Sinha, R. (2009). Climate resilient cities: a primer on reducing vulnerabilities to disasters. Washington: World Bank.
  • REN21. (2021). Renewables in cities: 2021 global status report. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
  • Rodrigue, J.P. (2020). The geography of transport systems (5.baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Singh, P.K. ve Chudasama, H. (2021). Pathways for climate resilient development: human well-being within a safe and just space in the 21st century. Global Environmental Change, 68 (102277).
  • Stagrum, A. E., Andenæs, E., Kvande, T. ve Lohne, J. (2020). Climate change adaptation measures for buildings—a scoping review. Sustainability, 12(1721), 1-18.
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İklim Dirençli Kalkınma Bağlamında Kentleşme Politikaları

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 37, 1640 - 1666, 14.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1116760

Abstract

Küresel ölçekte iklim değişikliğinin yıkıcı etkileri giderek daha hızlı, daha yaygın ve daha şiddetli bir biçimde görülmeye devam etmektedir. İklim ile ilişkili aşırı hava olayları ve afetler sadece can ve mal kayıplarına neden olmamakta, bunun yanı sıra çevreyi ve tüm canlıları, ekonomileri ve toplumsal yapıyı da etkilemektedir. Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli (IPCC) tarafından yapılan çalışmalarda söz konusu olumsuz sonuçların önümüzdeki süreçte de artarak devam edeceğinin bilimsel kanıtlarıyla ortaya konulmuş olması, iklim dirençli kalkınma yaklaşımının ele alınmasına ve özellikle nüfusun, yatırımların, ekonomik faaliyetlerin yoğunlaştığı kentsel alanlara odaklanılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, iklim dirençli kalkınma yaklaşımının kentleşme politikası bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada, iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklanan veya iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin kötüleştirdiği biyofiziksel, ekonomik ve sosyal stres faktörlerinin kentsel dirençliliği etkilediği ve söz konusu stres faktörlerine karşı dirençliliğin sağlanmasında sera gazı azaltımı ve iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerini bir arada ele alan iklim dirençli kalkınma yaklaşımının önemli bir fırsat penceresi sunduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. İklim dirençli kalkınma yaklaşımının hayata geçirilmesinin, Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları’ndan 13.’sü olan İklim Eylemi temelinde diğer amaçların da gerçekleştirilmesine uygun şartların sağlanmasını beraberinde getireceği çalışmada elde edilen bir diğer önemli sonuçtur.

References

  • ADB. (2014). Urban climate change resilience: a synopsis. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
  • Algan, N. (2018). Kentsel gelişmede ekolojik sürdürülebilirlik. A. Mengi ve D. İşçioğlu (Der.), Kentsel politikalar içinde (ss. 356-366). Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Aparicio, C. B. ve Ofa, S. V. (2021). Digital technologies for climate change adaptation in asia and the pacific. UNESCAP.
  • C40. (2020). Reducing climate change impacts on waste systems. 13 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/Reducing-climate-change-impacts-on-waste-systems?language=en_US adresinden erişildi.
  • C4C. (2022). 2030 agenda and paris agreement: best achieved together. 20 Şubat 2022 tarihinde, https://www.connect4climate.org/infographics/2030-agenda-and-paris-agreement-best-achieved-together-klimalog-bmz adresinden erişildi.
  • Cities Alliance. (2021). Building climate resilient and sustainable cities for all. Brussels: Cities Alliance/UNOPS.
  • Clair, S.A.L. (2014). Climate resilient pathways: relationship between adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development [PowerPoint slaytı]. 5 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://unfccc.int/files/science/workstreams/the_2013-2015_review/application/pdf/4-sed-3_st.clair_theme_2_climate_resilient_pathways.pdf adresinden erişildi.
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  • Colenbrander, S., Lindfield, M., Lufkin, J. ve Quijano, N. (2018). Financing low-carbon, climate resilient cities. London, Washington: Coalition for Urban Transitions.
  • Dobbs, R., Smit, S., Remes, J., Manyika, J., Roxburgh, C. ve Restrepo, A. (2011). Urban world: mapping the economic power of cities. McKinsey Global Institute.
  • Ebinger J. ve Vandycke, O. (2015). Moving toward climate-resilient transport: the world bank’s experience from building adaptation into programs. Washington: World Bank.
  • EEA. (2022). What is the difference between adaptation and mitigation? 10 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/faq/what-is-the-difference-between adresinden erişildi.
  • EIA. (2021). Energy and the environment explained: where greenhouse gases come from. 14 Mayıs 2022 tarihine, https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php adresinden erişildi.
  • EPA. (2022). Reduce, reuse, recycle. 13 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://www.epa.gov/recycle adresinden erişildi.
  • ESCP. (2021). Reduce your digital carbon footprint to shape a greener future. 13 Mayıs 2021 tarihinde, https://escp.eu/news/reduce-your-digital-carbon-footprint-shape-greener-future adresinden erişildi.
  • GIZ. (2019). Climate Resilience of the water sector in grenada (g-crews). 14 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://www.giz.de/en/worldwide/85491.html adresinden erişildi.
  • Glavoviç, B. (2022). IPCC report: coastal cities are sentinels for climate change. It’s where our focus should be as we prepare for inevitable impacts. The Conversation. 6 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://theconversation.com/ipcc-report-coastal-cities-are-sentinels-for-climate-change-its-where-our-focus-should-be-as-we-prepare-for-inevitable-impacts-177726 adresinden erişildi.
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  • Gremillion, T. (2011). Setting the foundation: climate change adaptation at the local level. Environmental Law, 41(4), 1221-1253.
  • Gupta, J. ve Chakraborty, M. (2021). 15- Energy efficiency in buildings. S. Dutta ve C.M. Hussain (Der.), Sustainable fuel technologies handbook içinde (ss. 457-480). Cambridge: Academic Press.
  • Illman, J., Halonen, M., Rinne, P., Huq, S. (2013). Scoping study on financing adaptation-mitigation synergy activities, nordic working papers. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
  • IISD. (2018). Responsible business report finds high risk of “sdg washing”. 13 Şubat 2022 tarihinde, http://sdg.iisd.org/news/responsible-business-report-finds-high-risk-of-sdg-washing/ adresinden erişildi.
  • IPCC. (2014). Ipcc fifth assessment report of the İntergovernmental panel on climate change. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • IPCC. (2018a). Ipcc 2018: global warming of 1.5°c. an ıpcc special report. IPCC.
  • IPCC. (2018b). Faq chapter 5. 15 Şubat 2022 tarihinde, https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/faq/faq-chapter-5/# adresinden erişildi.
  • IPCC. (2022a). Ipcc sixth assessment report, working group ıı report. IPCC.
  • IPCC. (2022b). Ipcc sixth assessment report, working group ııı report. IPCC.
  • IUCN. (2022). Nature-based solutions. 14 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://www.iucn.org/commissions/commission-ecosystem-management/our-work/nature-based-solutions#:~:text=Nature%2Dbased%20Solutions%20(NbS),%2Dbeing%20and%20biodiversity%20benefits%E2%80%9D. adresinden erişildi.
  • Keleş, R. ve Hamamcı, C. (1998). Çevre bilim. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Keleş, R. (2013). Kentleşme politikası, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Keleş, R. ve Mengi, A. (2017). Kent hukuku. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Kongsager, R. (2018). Linking climate change adaptation and mitigation: a review with evidence from the land-use sectors. MDPI Land, 7(4), 1-19.
  • Liu, Z., Ciais, P., Deng, Z., Lei, R., Davis, S. J., Feng, S., Schellnhuber, H. J. (2020). Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Communications, 11(5172), 1-12.
  • Measham, T., Preston, B. L., Smith, T. F., Brooke, C., Goddard, R., Withycombe, G. ve Morrison, C. (2011). Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: barriers and challenges. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 16, 889-909.
  • Mengi, A. ve Algan, N. (2003). Küreselleşme ve yerelleşme çağında bölgesel sürdürülebilir gelişme. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Nair, S. (2010). Chapter 1: introduction. Climate resilient and sustainable urban development içinde (ss. 3-8). India: DFID.
  • Panenko, A., George, E. ve Lutoff, C. (2021. Towards the development of climate adaptation knowledge-action systems in the european union: an institutional approach to climateservice analysis. Climate Services, 24, 1-12.
  • PMO. (2021). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları. 14 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://pmo.partners/surdurulebilir-kalkinma-amaclari/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Prasad, N., Ranghieri, F., Shah, F., Trohanis , Z., Kessler, E., and Sinha, R. (2009). Climate resilient cities: a primer on reducing vulnerabilities to disasters. Washington: World Bank.
  • REN21. (2021). Renewables in cities: 2021 global status report. Paris: REN21 Secretariat.
  • Rodrigue, J.P. (2020). The geography of transport systems (5.baskı). New York: Routledge.
  • Singh, P.K. ve Chudasama, H. (2021). Pathways for climate resilient development: human well-being within a safe and just space in the 21st century. Global Environmental Change, 68 (102277).
  • Stagrum, A. E., Andenæs, E., Kvande, T. ve Lohne, J. (2020). Climate change adaptation measures for buildings—a scoping review. Sustainability, 12(1721), 1-18.
  • Suckall, N., Tompkins, E. ve Stringer, L. (2014). Evidence from zanzibar, tanzania. Applied Geography, 46 (2014), 111–121. Swart, R. ve Raes, F. (2007). Making integration of adaptation and mitigation work: mainstreaming into sustainable development policies? Climate Policy, 7, 288–303.
  • Tuğaç, Ç. (2021). Kentsel sürdürülebilirlik, dirençlilik ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele bağlamında yerel yönetimler üzerine bir değerlendirme. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, 30(2), 21-69.
  • UN. (2018). Secretary-general's remarks on climate change. 13 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde, https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2018-09-10/secretary-generals-remarks-climate-change-delivered adresinden erişildi.
  • UNFCCC. (2022). Nationally determined contributions (NDCs), 11 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs adresinden erişildi.
  • UNDP. (2022). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için küresel amaçlar. 11 Mayıs 2022 tarihinde https://www.kureselamaclar.org/ adresinden erişildi.
  • UNISDR. (2009). 2009 unisdr terminology on disaster risk reduction. Geneva: UN.
  • UNOPS. (2021). Infrastructure for climate action. Copenhagen: UNOPS.
  • World Bank. (2011). Guide to Climate Change Adaptation in Cities. World Bank.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çiğdem Tuğaç 0000-0002-2555-6641

Early Pub Date September 7, 2022
Publication Date November 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Tuğaç, Ç. (2022). İklim Dirençli Kalkınma Bağlamında Kentleşme Politikaları. İDEALKENT, 13(37), 1640-1666. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1116760