Jacques-François Blondel’in “Yeni” Mimar Yetiştirme Projesi: École des Arts

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 44, 641 - 668, 31.07.2024

Figen Işıker

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1484867

Abstract

Bu metin 18. yüzyıl Paris’inde mimarlık eğitimiyle ilişkilenen aktörler ve iktidar alanları üzerine bir kesit sunmaktadır. O dönem Académie Royale d’Architecture tekelinde olan kurumsal mimarlık eğitimi, Jacques-François Blondel’in açtığı ilk bağımsız mimarlık okulu École des Art ile krize uğramıştır. “Eski” bilgi rejimlerinin “yeni” olanla gerilimli ilişkisinden ortaya çıkan kriz, mimarlığın eğitim aracılığıyla sorunsallaştırılmasını sağlamış ve uzun erimli görülebilecek tartışmalar için bir altlık oluşturmuştur. Blondel’in bu konudaki ilginç fikirleri, mimarlık öğrenmenin yöntemlerini sorgulamaya açmıştır. Mimarlık eğitimi artık sadece belirli bir sınıfın erişebildiği ayrıcalıklı pozisyonunu kaybetmiş, isteyen herkesin gerekli derslere tek bir çatı altında ulaşabileceği bir modele dönüşmüştür. Bununla birlikte kralın mimarlığı anlamına gelen ve Académie’nin seçkin akademisyenleri tarafından tespit ve tasdik edilen klasik modeller aşınmaya uğramıştır. Bu “yeni” durum kaçınılmaz olarak kendi açmazlarını üretmiştir. Makalede mimarlık eğitiminin bağımsızlaşma yolculuğu anlatılırken, aktörlerin mimarlık aracılığıyla yeni disiplin rejimleri üretme arzularının çabaları da okunabilecektir.

Keywords

18. yüzyıl, mimarlık eğitimi, Blondel, École, Académie

Jacques-François Blondel's "New" Architect Training Project: École des Arts

Abstract

This text presents a cross-section of the actors and spheres of power about architectural education in 18th-century Paris. Institutional architectural education, then monopolized by the Académie Royale d'Architecture, was thrown into crisis by the École des Arts, the first independent architectural school opened by Jacques-François Blondel. The crisis that emerged from the tense relationship between the "old" and the "new" knowledge regimes enabled the problematization of architecture through education and created a basis for long-term discussions. Blondel's interesting ideas in architectural education also questioned the methods of learning. Architectural education has now lost its privileged position, accessible only to an affinity group. It has become a model where everyone can access the necessary courses under a single roof. At the same time, the classical models, which meant the architecture of the king and were determined and approved by the elite academics of the Académie, were also eroded. In addition, this "new" situation inevitably produced its dilemmas. In this article, while the journey of architectural education towards independence was described, the efforts of the actors to create new disciplinary regimes through architecture can also be read.

Keywords

18th-century, architectural education, Blondel, École, Académie

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