Research Article
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Teachers’ Opinions on Teacher Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 18, 267 - 282, 27.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1511677

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the teachers’ opinions on teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a phenomenological design, implementing maximum variation sampling to select a participant group of 20 teachers from private schools in Istanbul and public schools in Erzurum's rural district, Hınıs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted both in-person and virtually, after which descriptive and content analyses were undertaken utilizing the MAXQDA 2020 software, facilitating the identification of predominant themes and sub-themes. Eight themes are surfaced from the study, encapsulating teachers' opinions on resilience, professional challenges, complications tied to distance education, environmental problems, factors contributing to resilience, leaving the profession, the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, along with suggestions for enhancing resilience. The study's findings indicate that teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affected by factors such as the lack of internet infrastructure, the lack of hardware, learning loss in students, absenteeism problems of students, physical distance, increase in workload, the lack of parental interest, the lack of support from the administration, and economic conditions. Conversely, professional dedication, professional development, positive attitude, administrative and parental support, collaboration among colleagues, and engaging in hobbies were identified as factors contributing to teacher resilience.

References

  • Akat, M. & Karataş, K. (2020). Psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic on society and its reflections on education. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1-13.
  • Banal, C. L. & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. A. (2022). Teachers’ resilience in facing workload adversities in times of pandemic: The case of the private school teachers in a developing country. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 36-51.
  • Bobek, B. (2002). Teacher resiliency: A key to career longevity. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 75(4), 202-205.
  • Brunetti, G. J. (2006). Resilience under fire: Perspectives on the work of experienced, inner city high school teachers in the United States. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 812-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.027
  • Ceylan, R. F., Ozkan, B. & Mulazimogullari, E. (2020). Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19. Eur J Health Econ, 21, 817-823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01206-8
  • Chakraborty, P., Arora, A., & Gupta, M. S. (2020). Opinion of students on online education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Human Behaviour and Emerging Technology, 3, 357-365.
  • Chaturvedi, K., Vishwakarma, D. K. & Singh, N. (2021). COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105866
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Day, C. & Gu, Q. (2014). Resilient teachers, resilient schools: Building and sustaining quality in testing times. Routledge Press.
  • Engzell, P., Frey, A. & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118
  • Fauzi, I. & Khusuma, I. (2020). Teachers’ elementary school in online learning of COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5, 58-70. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i1.914
  • Fergus, S. & Zimmerman, M. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399-419.
  • Gillespie, B. M., Chaboyer, W., & Wallis, M. (2007). Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 25(1–2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2007.25.1-2.124
  • Gu, Q. & Day, C. (2013). Challenges to teacher resilience: Conditions count. British Educational Research Association, 39, 1, 22-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2011.623152
  • Hastings, R. P. & Bham, M. S. (2003). The relationship between student behaviour patterns and teacher burnout. School Psychology International, 24(1), 115–127.
  • Henderson, N. & Milstein, M. M. (2003). Resiliency in schools: Making it happen for students and educators. Corwin Press.
  • Howard, S. & Johnson, B. (2004). Resilient teachers: Resisting stress and burnout. Social Psychology and Education, 7, 399-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-004-0975-0
  • Howard, S., Dryden, J. & Johnson, B. (1999). Childhood resilience: Review and critique of literature. Oxford Review of Education, 25(3), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/030549899104008
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Khan, M. J. & Ahmed, J. (2021). Child education in the time of pandemic: Learning loss and dropout. Children and Youth Services Review, 127(106065).
  • Kumpfer, K. L. (1999). Factors and processes contributing to resilience: The resilience framework. In M. D. Glantz & J. L. Johnson (Eds.), Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations (pp. 179–224). Kluwer Academic Publishers
  • Kurt, G., Atay & D., Öztürk, H. A. (2021). Student engagement in K12 online education during the pandemic: The case of Turkey. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(Sup1).
  • Lagat, K. (2021). Factors affecting teachers' resiliency amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 9(1), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2109.01.12
  • Lekli, L. & Kaloti, E. (2015). Building parent- teacher partnerships as an effective means of fostering pupils’ success. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1s1p101
  • Levent, A. F. & Şallı, D. (2022). Teacher and student opinions on the ethical problems experienced during distance education and suggested solutions. Turkish Journal of Business Ethics, 15(1), 109-149. https://doi.org/10.12711/tjbe/m3437
  • Lu, X., & Hua, Z. (2022). Teacher resilience and triple crises: Confucius Institute teachers’ lived experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Applied Linguistics Review, 15(1), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2021-0193
  • Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D. & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
  • Mansfield, C. F., Beltman, S., Price, A. & McConney, A. (2012). ‘Don’t sweat the small stuff’: Understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.11.001
  • Marshall, D. T., Shannon, D. M. & Love, S. M. (2020). How teachers experienced the COVID-19 transition to remote instruction. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(3), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721720970702
  • Masten, A. S., Best, K. M. & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005812
  • Mullen, C. A., Shield, L. B., Tienken, C. H. (2021). Developing Teacher Resilience and Resilient School Culture. AASA Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 18(1), 8-25.
  • Pham, T. T. (2021). Navigating the turbulent time: A qualitative inquiry into resilience among Vietnamese ESL teachers during COVID-19. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 2(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte2202013
  • Pınarcıoğlu, N. Ş., Kanbak, A. & Önver, M. Ş. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde kırsal-kentsel ve sosyo-ekonomik farklılıkların uzaktan eğitime etkisi [The effect of rural-urban and socio-economic differences on distance education in the Covid-19 pandemic process]. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(23), 28-48.
  • Pokhrel, S. & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133-141. https://doi.org:/10.1177/2347631120983481
  • Rodgers, B. L. & Cowles, K. V. (1993). The qualitative research audit trail: A complex collection of documentation. Research in Nursing & Health, 16(3), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770160309
  • Sönmezer, M. G. & Eryaman, M. Y. (2008). A comparative analysis of job satisfaction levels of public and private school teachers. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 4(2), 189-212.
  • Telli, S. G. & Altun, D. (2021). Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemisi döneminde çevrimiçi öğrenme [Online learning during Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic period]. Journal of University Research, 4(2), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.916837
  • Winter, E., Costello, A., O’Brien, M. & Hickey, G. (2021). Teachers’ use of technology and the impact of COVID-19. Irish Educational Studies, 40(2), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1916559
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
  • Xun, Y., Zhu, G. & Rice, M. (2021). How do beginning teachers achieve their professional agency and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic? A social-ecological approach. Journal of Education for Teaching, 47(5), 745-748. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2021.1945415

Teachers’ Opinions on Teacher Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 18, 267 - 282, 27.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1511677

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the teachers’ opinions on teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a phenomenological design, implementing maximum variation sampling to select a participant group of 20 teachers from private schools in Istanbul and public schools in Erzurum's rural district, Hınıs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted both in-person and virtually, after which descriptive and content analyses were undertaken utilizing the MAXQDA 2020 software, facilitating the identification of predominant themes and sub-themes. Eight themes are surfaced from the study, encapsulating teachers' opinions on resilience, professional challenges, complications tied to distance education, environmental problems, factors contributing to resilience, leaving the profession, the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, along with suggestions for enhancing resilience. The study's findings indicate that teacher resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affected by factors such as the lack of internet infrastructure, the lack of hardware, learning loss in students, absenteeism problems of students, physical distance, increase in workload, the lack of parental interest, the lack of support from the administration, and economic conditions. Conversely, professional dedication, professional development, positive attitude, administrative and parental support, collaboration among colleagues, and engaging in hobbies were identified as factors contributing to teacher resilience.

References

  • Akat, M. & Karataş, K. (2020). Psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic on society and its reflections on education. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1-13.
  • Banal, C. L. & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. A. (2022). Teachers’ resilience in facing workload adversities in times of pandemic: The case of the private school teachers in a developing country. Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 36-51.
  • Bobek, B. (2002). Teacher resiliency: A key to career longevity. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 75(4), 202-205.
  • Brunetti, G. J. (2006). Resilience under fire: Perspectives on the work of experienced, inner city high school teachers in the United States. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 812-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2006.04.027
  • Ceylan, R. F., Ozkan, B. & Mulazimogullari, E. (2020). Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19. Eur J Health Econ, 21, 817-823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01206-8
  • Chakraborty, P., Arora, A., & Gupta, M. S. (2020). Opinion of students on online education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Human Behaviour and Emerging Technology, 3, 357-365.
  • Chaturvedi, K., Vishwakarma, D. K. & Singh, N. (2021). COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105866
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Day, C. & Gu, Q. (2014). Resilient teachers, resilient schools: Building and sustaining quality in testing times. Routledge Press.
  • Engzell, P., Frey, A. & Verhagen, M. D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022376118
  • Fauzi, I. & Khusuma, I. (2020). Teachers’ elementary school in online learning of COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5, 58-70. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i1.914
  • Fergus, S. & Zimmerman, M. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399-419.
  • Gillespie, B. M., Chaboyer, W., & Wallis, M. (2007). Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis. Contemporary Nurse, 25(1–2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2007.25.1-2.124
  • Gu, Q. & Day, C. (2013). Challenges to teacher resilience: Conditions count. British Educational Research Association, 39, 1, 22-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2011.623152
  • Hastings, R. P. & Bham, M. S. (2003). The relationship between student behaviour patterns and teacher burnout. School Psychology International, 24(1), 115–127.
  • Henderson, N. & Milstein, M. M. (2003). Resiliency in schools: Making it happen for students and educators. Corwin Press.
  • Howard, S. & Johnson, B. (2004). Resilient teachers: Resisting stress and burnout. Social Psychology and Education, 7, 399-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-004-0975-0
  • Howard, S., Dryden, J. & Johnson, B. (1999). Childhood resilience: Review and critique of literature. Oxford Review of Education, 25(3), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/030549899104008
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Khan, M. J. & Ahmed, J. (2021). Child education in the time of pandemic: Learning loss and dropout. Children and Youth Services Review, 127(106065).
  • Kumpfer, K. L. (1999). Factors and processes contributing to resilience: The resilience framework. In M. D. Glantz & J. L. Johnson (Eds.), Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations (pp. 179–224). Kluwer Academic Publishers
  • Kurt, G., Atay & D., Öztürk, H. A. (2021). Student engagement in K12 online education during the pandemic: The case of Turkey. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(Sup1).
  • Lagat, K. (2021). Factors affecting teachers' resiliency amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 9(1), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2109.01.12
  • Lekli, L. & Kaloti, E. (2015). Building parent- teacher partnerships as an effective means of fostering pupils’ success. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v4n1s1p101
  • Levent, A. F. & Şallı, D. (2022). Teacher and student opinions on the ethical problems experienced during distance education and suggested solutions. Turkish Journal of Business Ethics, 15(1), 109-149. https://doi.org/10.12711/tjbe/m3437
  • Lu, X., & Hua, Z. (2022). Teacher resilience and triple crises: Confucius Institute teachers’ lived experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Applied Linguistics Review, 15(1), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2021-0193
  • Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D. & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
  • Mansfield, C. F., Beltman, S., Price, A. & McConney, A. (2012). ‘Don’t sweat the small stuff’: Understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.11.001
  • Marshall, D. T., Shannon, D. M. & Love, S. M. (2020). How teachers experienced the COVID-19 transition to remote instruction. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(3), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721720970702
  • Masten, A. S., Best, K. M. & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005812
  • Mullen, C. A., Shield, L. B., Tienken, C. H. (2021). Developing Teacher Resilience and Resilient School Culture. AASA Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 18(1), 8-25.
  • Pham, T. T. (2021). Navigating the turbulent time: A qualitative inquiry into resilience among Vietnamese ESL teachers during COVID-19. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 2(1), 49-53. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte2202013
  • Pınarcıoğlu, N. Ş., Kanbak, A. & Önver, M. Ş. (2021). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde kırsal-kentsel ve sosyo-ekonomik farklılıkların uzaktan eğitime etkisi [The effect of rural-urban and socio-economic differences on distance education in the Covid-19 pandemic process]. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(23), 28-48.
  • Pokhrel, S. & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133-141. https://doi.org:/10.1177/2347631120983481
  • Rodgers, B. L. & Cowles, K. V. (1993). The qualitative research audit trail: A complex collection of documentation. Research in Nursing & Health, 16(3), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770160309
  • Sönmezer, M. G. & Eryaman, M. Y. (2008). A comparative analysis of job satisfaction levels of public and private school teachers. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 4(2), 189-212.
  • Telli, S. G. & Altun, D. (2021). Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemisi döneminde çevrimiçi öğrenme [Online learning during Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic period]. Journal of University Research, 4(2), 90-107. https://doi.org/10.32329/uad.916837
  • Winter, E., Costello, A., O’Brien, M. & Hickey, G. (2021). Teachers’ use of technology and the impact of COVID-19. Irish Educational Studies, 40(2), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1916559
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
  • Xun, Y., Zhu, G. & Rice, M. (2021). How do beginning teachers achieve their professional agency and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic? A social-ecological approach. Journal of Education for Teaching, 47(5), 745-748. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2021.1945415
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Education Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeyneb Çetiner 0000-0001-6929-3161

Ahmet Faruk Levent 0000-0003-3429-6666

Early Pub Date September 23, 2024
Publication Date October 27, 2024
Submission Date July 6, 2024
Acceptance Date September 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Çetiner, Z., & Levent, A. F. (2024). Teachers’ Opinions on Teacher Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International E-Journal of Educational Studies, 8(18), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1511677

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