YEREL HALKIN TURİZME KARŞI TUTUMU: KUŞADASI İLÇESİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2014, , 117 - 133, 01.12.2014

Uğur Çalışkan Özgür Özer

https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.268171

Cited By: 3

Öz

Turizm fiziki ve sosyal çevreyi etkileyen çok yönlü bir olaydır. Bu çalışma ile Kuşadası halkının turizme karşı tepkilerinin belirlenmesine yönelik elde edilen güncel verilerin analiz edilerek 2003 yılı sonrasında değişim olup olmadığının belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Yapılan 384 anket formundan elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar bir önceki çalışmanın sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın önemi bu karşılaştırmalı yaklaşımdan gelmektedir. Sonuçlar, mutluluk düzeyi ile bağımsız değişkenler arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulguların teorik ve uygulamaya yönelik etkileri de çalışmada incelenmiş ve turizm planlamasında yerel halk ile sosyal ve çevresel ihtiyaçlara ekonomik konular kadar önem verilmesi gerektiği ortaya konmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turizm, Yerel Halk, Etki, Tutum, Turizm Planlaması

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOCAL RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS TOURISM IN KUŞADASI

Öz

Tourism is a multifaceted phenomenon affecting physical and social environment. The main purpose of this study is to examine the local residents’ reactions towards tourism in Kuşadası, Turkey, by a comparative study with the thoughts gleaned in 2003 in order to determine the changes over the years. Data obtained from the 384 questionnaire forms has been analyzed with SPSS program and the results were compared with those of the previous one. Importance of the study comes from this comparative approach. The results point out that level of happiness and independent variables have significant correlation. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are also discussed in the paper. Results of both studies suggest that local residents and their social and environmental needs should be considered as much important as economic issues

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tourism, Local Residents, Impact, Attitude, Tourism Planning

Kaynakça

• Akış, S. (1996). Economic, Social and Environmental Effect of Tourism Anatolia. Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi, 7(3–4), 10-15.
• Ambroz, M. (2008). Attitudes of Local Residents towards the Development of Tourism In Slovenia: The Case of The Primorska, Dolenjska, Gorenjska and Ljubljana Regions. Anthropological Notebooks, 14(1), 63-79.
• Ap, J. (1990). Residents’ Perceptions Research on the Social Impacts of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(4), 610-616.
• Beeton, S. (2006). Community Development through Tourism. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: Landlinks Press.
• Bramwell, B. (2003). Maltese Responses to Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 581-605.
• Brunt, P. and Courtney, P. (1999). Host Perceptions of Socio–Cultural Impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515.
• Carmichael, B.A. (2000). A Matrix Model for Resident Attitudes and Behaviors In A Rapidly Changing Tourist Area. Tourism Management, 21(6), 601-611.
• Choi, H.C. and Murray, I. (2010). Resident Attitudes toward Sustainable Community. Tourism Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(4), 575- 594.
• Crompton, R. and Sanderson, K. (1990). Gendered Jobs and Social Change. London: Unwin Hyman.
• Çalışkan, U. (2003). Tourism’s Effects on Local People and Kuşadası Pattern. Unpublished Master Thesis, Social Sciences Institute Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir.
• Deery, M., Jago, L. and Fredline, L. (2012). Rethinking Social Impacts of Tourism Research: A New Research Agenda. Tourism Management, 33, 64-73.
• Demirkaya, H. and Çetin, T. (2010). Residents’ Perceptions on the Social and Cultural Impacts of Tourism in Alanya (Antalya–Turkey). Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 14(42), 383-391.
• Diedrich, A. and Garcia–Buades, E. (2008). Local Perceptions of Tourism as Indicators of Destination Decline. Tourism Management, 41, 623-632.
• Doğan, H.Z. (2004). Turizmin Sosyo–Kültürel Temelleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Dyer, P., Gursoy, D., Sharma, B. and Carter, J. (2006). Structural Modeling of Resident Perception of Tourism and Associated Development on the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Tourism Management, 28, 409-422.
• Faulkner, B. and Tideswell, C. (1997). A Framework for Monitoring Community Impacts of Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5(1), 3-28.
• Frauman, E. and Banks, S. (2011). Gateway Community Resident Perceptions of Tourism Development: Incorporating Importance– Performance Analysis into the Limits of Change Framework. Tourism Management, 13(1), 128-140.
• Garrod, F. and Fyall, A. (1998). Beyond The Rhetoric of Sustainable Tourism? Tourism Management, 19(3), 199-212.
• Gursoy, D. and Rutherford, G. (2004). Host Attitudes toward Tourism: An Improved Structural Model. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.
• Gursoy, D., Chen, J.S. and Yoon, Y. (2000). Using Structural Equation Modeling to Assess the Effects of Tourism Impact Factors and Local Residents Support for Tourism Development. In: Annual conference proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association (pp. 243 – 250). Boise ID: TTRA.
• Haralambopoulos, N. and Pizam, A. (1996). Perceived Impacts of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 503-526.
• Harrison, D. (1992). Tourism to less Developed Countries: The Social Consequences in Tourism and the Less Developed Countries. London: Bellhaven
• Hoffman, D.L. and Low, S.A. (1981). An Application of the Probit Transformation of Tourism Survey Data. Journal of Travel Research, 20(2), 35-38.
• Jimura, T. (2011). The Impact of World Heritage Site Designation on Local Communities – A Case Study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa–Mura, Japan. Tourism Management, 32, 288-296.
• Jurowski, C. and Gursoy, D. (2004). Distance Effects on Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 296- 312.
• Jurowski, C., Uysal, M. and Williams, D.R. (1997). A Theoretical Analysis of Host Community Resident Reactions to Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11.
• Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge.
• Ko, D.W. and Stewart, W.P. (2002). A Structural Model of Residents’ Attitude for Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 23, 521- 530.
• Korça, P. (1998). Resident Perceptions of Tourism in a Resort Town. Leisure Sciences, 20(3), 193-212.
• Kreag, G. (2001). The Impacts of Tourism. Retrieved March, 2011, http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/tourism/pdfs/ImpactsTourism.pdf
• Lankford, S.V. and Howard, D.R. (1994). Developing a Tourism Attitude Impact Scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 121-139.
• Liu, J. and Var, T. (1986). Resident Attitudes towards Tourism Impacts in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research, 13, 193-214.
• Long, P.T., Perdue, R.R. and Allen, L. (1990). Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes by Community Level of Tourism. Journal of Travel Research Winter, 39, 23-35.
• Mason, P. (2003). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. London: Butterworth Heinemann.
• McGehee, N. and Andereck, K. (2004). Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 43(2), 131-140.
• McLaughlin, B. and Aislabie, C. (1992). Benefits and Costs of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(3), 594-595.
• Nunez, T. (1989). Touristic Studies in Anthropological Perspective. In: V. Smith (Ed.), Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, 2nd ed. (pp. 265-274). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Nunkoo, R. and Ramkissoon, H. (2010). Modeling Community Support for a Proposed Integrated Resort Project. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(2), 257-277.
• Pearce, D.G. (1989). Tourist Development. London: Longman.
• Perdue, R.R., Long, P.T. and Allen, L. (1990). Resident Support for Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 17(4), 586- 599.
• Prentice, R. (1993). Community–Driven Tourism Planning and Residents Preferences. Tourism Management, 14, 218-27.
• Ryan, C. (1991). Recreational Tourism: A Social Science Perspective. London: Routledge.
• Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for Business (3. Edition). New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
• Sheldon, P.J. and Abenoja, T. (2001). Resident Attitudes In A Mature Destination: The Case of Waikiki. Tourism Management, 22(5), 435-443.
• Snepenger, D.J. and Johnson, J.D. (1991). Political Self–Identification and the Perception of Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(3), 511-514.
• Su, X. and Teo, P. (2008). Tourism Politics in Lijiang, China: An Analysis of State and Local Interactions in Tourism Development. Tourism Geographies, 10(2), 150-168.
• Um, S. and Crompton, J.L. (1987). Measuring Residents’ Attachment Levels in A Host Community. Journal of Travel Research, 26(1), 27-29.
• Urry, J. (1990). The Tourist Gaze. London: Sage.
• Urry, J. (1991). The Sociology of Tourism Progress in Tourism. Recreation and Hospitality Management, 3, 48-57
• Urry, J. (1995). Consuming Places. London: Routledge.
• Xu, J., Lu, Y., Chen, L. and Liu, Y. (2009). Contribution of Tourism Development to Protected Area Management: Local Stakeholder Perspectives. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 16(1), 30-36.
• Yoon, Y. (2002). Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders’ Perspectives. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
• Yoon, Y., Gürsoy, D. and Chen, J. (2000). Validating a Tourism Development Theory with Structural Equation Modeling. Tourism Management, 22(4), 363-372.