Sağlık Bölümlerindeki Öğrencilerin Covid 19 Fobisinin Sağlık Algılarına Etkisinde Duygusal Zekânın Rolü

Year 2023, , 164 - 185, 31.01.2023

Turhan Moç , Eda Gülbetekin

https://doi.org/10.54600/igdirsosbilder.1192967

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı covid 19 fobisinin sağlık algısına etkisinde duygusal zekânın rolünün olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda Iğdır üniversitesindeki sağlık hizmetleri bölümünde okuyan 331 öğrenciden Google Form üzerinden online anket yöntemi ile veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analiz sonuçlarına göre, sağlık hizmetleri öğrencilerinin sağlık algıları ve duygusal zekâ düzeylerini yüksek, covid 19 fobi düzeyleri orta düzeydedir. Yol ve aracılık analizleri sonucunda covid 19 fobisinin sağlık algısı ile duygusal zeka üzerinde ve duygusal zekânın sağlık algısı üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olduğu ve aracılık analizi sonucunda covid 19 fobisinin sağlık algısı üzerinde duygusal zekânın kısmı aracı etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.. Farklılık analizleri sonucunda kadınların covid 19 fobi düzeylerinin erkeklerden daha fazla olduğu, spor yapan öğrencilerin duygusal zekâ ve sağlık algı düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu, yaş ve gelir durumu arttıkça duygusal zekâ seviyesininde arttığı ve sigara içmeyenlerde sağlık algı düzeyinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Covid 19 korkusu, Sağlık algısı, Duygusal zekâ

The Role Of Emotıonal Intellıgence In The Effect Of Covıd 19 Phobıa On Health Perceptıons Of Students In Health Departments.

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to determine whether emotional intelligence has a role in the effect of covid 19 phobia on health perception. In line with the purpose of the study, data were collected from 331 students studying in the health services department at Iğdır University, using the online survey method via Google Form. According to the results of the analysis of the data obtained, health perceptions and emotional intelligence levels of health care students are high, and covid 19 phobia levels are moderate. As a result of path and mediation analyzes, it was found that covid 19 phobia had a significant effect on health perception and emotional intelligence, and emotional intelligence had a significant effect on health perception, and as a result of mediation analysis, covid 19 phobia had a partial mediator effect of emotional intelligence on health perception. It has been determined that the level of emotional intelligence and health perception of students who do sports is higher than that of males, the level of emotional intelligence increases as age and income status increases, and the level of health perception is higher in non-smokers.

Keywords

Fear of covid 19, Health perception, Emotional intelligence

References

• Addae, E., and Ofosuhene-Mensah, J. (2021). Emotional intelligence (EI) and quality of life (QoL) in perimenopausal women: A cross-sectional, community-based study from Ghana. J. Interdiscip. Health Soc. Dev. doi: 10.19204/2021/emtn8.
• Al-Huwailah, A. (2017). Quality of life and emotional intelligence in a sample of Kuwait university students. J. Educ. Pract. 8, 180–185.
• Al-Rabadi, W. M. (2012). Emotional intelligence and its relation with Ajloun University college students psychological harmony. European Journal of Social Sciences, 34, 284-299.
• American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Author. American Psychiatric Publication.
• Anjum, A., and Swathi, P. (2017). A study on the impact of emotional intelligence on quality of life among secondary school teachers. Int. J. Psychol. Counsel. 7, 3–8.
• Ardahan, F. (2012). Examınıng relatıon between emotıonal ıntellıgence and lıfe satısfactıon on the example of outdoor sports partıcıpants. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 3(3),20-33.
• Arpacı, I., Karataş, K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the Covid-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108.
• Aştı T, Karadağ A. (2012). Hemşirelik Esasları. Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
• Austin, E.J., Saklofske, D.H., & Egan, V. (2005). Personality, well-being and health correlates of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 547—558.
• Barling, J., F. Slater ve E. K. Kelloway (2000). Transformational leadership and emotional ıntelligence: an exploratory study, The Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 21, 157‐161.
• Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: A measure of emotional intelligence. Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems Inc.
• Bar-On, R. (2006). The Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Psicotherma, 18, 13-25.
• Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A. & Vlahov, D. (2007). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? the role of demographics, resources and life stres. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 671-682.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Chan, D.W. (2004). Perceived emotional ıntelligence and self-efficacy among chinese secondary school teachers in hong kong. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1781–1795.
• Charkazi, A., Ahmadi-Livani, M., Nori, A., Foroughi, A., Mosazadeh, H., Rahimi, A., vd.(2021). Association of fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors (PB) against COVID-19 in Iran. Psychiatria.18(3):169–75.
• Cherniss, C. (2010). Emotional intelligence: Toward clarification of a concept. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(2), 110-126.
• Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A. Y. C., & Bajgar, J. (2001). Measuring emotional intelligence in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(7), 1105–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00207-5
• Colorado, E. E. (2017). A mixed-method study of aid workers in Sierra Leone during the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemics: Exploring psychological distress, trauma, resilience, and doping. Doctoral dissertation, Chicago, IL, USA: The Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
• Çapık C. (2006). Yoksul ve yoksul olmayan kadınlarda sağlık algısını etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir.
• Çelebi, G.Y.(2020). Covid 19 salgınına ilişkin tepkilerin psikolojik sağlamlık açısından incelenmesi. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences, (8): 471-483.
• D’Amato, A. & Herzfeldt, R. (2008). Learning orientation, organizational commitment and talent retention across generations: a study of european managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 929–953.
• Deniz, M.E., Özer, E. ve Işık, E. (2013). Trait emotional ıntelligence questionnaire short form: validity and reliability studies. Education and Science, 38(169), 407-419.
• Diamond, J.J. Becker, J.A. Arenson, C.A. Chambers, C.V. Rosenthal, M.P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults’ perceptions of health: priliminary findings. Journal of Community. Psychology. 35:557-61.
• Diamond, JJ. Becker, JA. Arenson, CA. Chambers, CV. ve Rosenthal, MP. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults’ perceptions of health: Preliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35:557-561.
• Doğanay, S. ve Uçku, Ş.R. (2012). Yaşlılarda kötü sağlık algısı koroner kalp hastalığı ve ölümleri belirler mi? Turkish Journal of Geriatrics,15: 396–402.
• Dolan, P. & Kahneman, D. (2008). Interpretations of utility and yheir implications for the valuation of health. Economic Journal, 118(525), 215-234.
• Dost, M.T. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumunun bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), s.132-143.
• Downie, R. S. ve Macnaughton, R. J. (1998). Images of health. Lancet, 351, 823- 826.
• Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215- 0366(20)30073-0.
• Feldmann, M., Aper, J. P., & Meredith, S. T. (2011). Co-curricular assessment scale development. The Journal of General Education, 60(1).
• Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D.F.(1981). Evaluating structural equation models with measurement error. Journal of Marketing Resarch, 18(1), 39-50.
• Frederiksen, B., Gomez, I., Salganicoff, A., Ranji, U. (2020) Coronavirus: A look at gender differences in awareness and actions. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/coronavirus-a-look-at-gender-differences-in-awareness-and-actions/ (Accessed 28.09.2022).
• Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E. ve Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in criese? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365-376.
• Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., ... Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924.
• George D, ve Mallery P.(2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
• Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantom Books.
• Goodlet, K. J., Raney, E., Buckley, K., Afolabi, T., Davis, L., Fettkether, R. M., Jones, M., Larson, S., & Tennant, S. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Emotional Intelligence of Student Pharmacist Leaders. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 86(1), 8519. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8519
• Gülbetekin, E., Can, F.G., Tunç, Y. (2022). Covıd-19 sürecinde hemşirelerin sağlık anksiyete düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 5(2), 226-231.
• Güllüce, A.Ç., İşcan, Ö.F. (2010). Mesleki tükenmişlik ve duygusal zekâ arasındaki ilişki. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İibf Dergisi, 5(2), 7‐29.
• Gürbüz, S. (2019). Amos ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Gürcan, Z., Yanık, A. (2019). Sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencilerinde duygusal zekâ ve meslek algısı arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Sdü Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,10(4), 389-402.
• Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Publications.
• Hossain, M. M., Sultana, A., & Purohit, N. (2020). Mental health outcomes of quarantine and isolation for infection prevention: A systematic umbrella review of the global evidence. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561265.
• Hsiang, R. (2016). Teachers’ mental health: the relevance of emotional ıntelligence in burnout and quality of life. Masters. The University of Western Ontario.
• https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm, Sample Size Calculator, Erişim Tarihi: 16.04.2022.
• İnci, F.H., Çelik, F. (2022). Adölesanlarda covıd-19 korkusunun sağlığı geliştirme davranışlarına etkisi. İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi,7(2): 253-259.
• İşmen, A. E. (2001). Duygusal zeka ve problem çözme. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13, 111-124.
• Kadıoğlu, H. Yıldız, A. (2012). Sağlık algısı ölçegi’nin türkçe çevriminin geçerlilik ve güvenilirligi/validity and reliability of turkish version of perception of health scale. Türkiye Klinikleri Tip Bilimleri Dergisi, 32:47.
• Kaleta, D. Polanska, K. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. Hanke, W. Drygas, W. (2009). Factors influencing self-perception of health status. Central European Journal of Public Health, 17(3): 122-128.
• Kambur, E. (2018). Does emotional intelligence affect quality of service?: An application in the service sector. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(71), 587-600.
• Kanesan, P., and Fauzan, N. (2019). Models of emotional intelligence: a review. J. Soc. Sci. 16, 1–9. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34890.18887.
• Keefer, K., Parker, J., and Saklofske, D. (2018). Emotional Intelligence in Education: Integrating Research with Practice. London: Springer.
• Keskin, E., Yayla, Ö., Aktaş, F. (2020). Duygusal zeka, kariyer uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiler: Turizm Sektörü Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12 (3), 2985-2995.
• Klein V.M. Crone, M.R. Wiefferink, C.H. Reijneveld, S.A. (2010). Identification and management of psychosocial problems among toddlers by preventive child health care professionals. European Journal of Public Health, 20(3): 332- 338.
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
• Koçak, O. (2021). Does emotional intelligence increase satisfaction with life during covid-19? The mediating role of depression. Health, 9, 1529. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111529.
• Kuzu, A., Eker, F. (2010). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin duygusal duygusal zeka ve meslek algısı zeka ve iletişim becerilerinin diğer üniversite öğrencileri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 12(3): 14-29.
• Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z. H., Zhao, Y. J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., ... Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1732–1738. https://doi.org/10. 7150/ijbs.45120.
• Madahi, M. E., Javidi, N., and Samadzadeh, M. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and marital status in sample of college students. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 84, 1317–1320. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.749.
• Mahasneh, S. M. (2001). Health perceptions and health behaviours of poor urban Jordanian women. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36, 58-68
• Malthouse, E. (2001). How high or low must loadings be to keep or delete a scale item? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10 (1/2), 81-82.
• Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 554-564.
• Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0. Emotion, 3, 97-105.
• Mayer, J., P. Salovey ve D. Caruso (2000), “Selecting a measure of emotional ıntelligence: the case for ability scales”, ed. r. bar‐on and j. parker, the handbook of emotional ıntelligence: theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace, California: Jossey‐Bass, 320‐ 342.
• McDonald, A. (2021). The importance of cultivating emotional intelligence in schools. https://www.nais.org/magazine/independent-teacher/spring-2021/the-importance-of-cultivating-emotional-intelligence-in-schools/ (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2022).
• Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., Engelhard, I.M.(2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. J Anxiety Disord.74:102258.
• Oktay Arslan, B. Batum, Ö. Varol, Y. Şenel, E. ve Uçar ZZ. (2021). COVID-19 phobia in healthcare workers; a cross-sectional study from a pandemic hospital. Tuberk Toraks;69(2):207-216
• Özdemir, D., Arpacıoğlu, S. (2020). Effect of social media use, health perception and health search behavior on the coronavirus fear. Current Approaches in Psychiatry , 12(1):364-381.
• Özdin, Ş., Özdin, Ş.B. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66:504-511.
• Parker, J. (2005). Academic achievement and emotional intelligence: Predicting the successful transition from high school to university. Journal of the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition, 17(1).
• Pavliscak, P. (2018). Emotionally ıntelligent design: rethinking how we create products. 1st Edn. Tokyo: O'Reilly.
• Petrides, K. V. ve Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.
• Petrides, K. V. ve Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15(6), 425-448.
• Piko, B. (2000). Health-related predictors of self-perceived health in a student population: the importance of physical activity. Journal of Community Health, 25(2):125-37.
• Qi, J., Yang, X., Tan, R., Wu, X., & Zhou, X. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents over 1 year after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Journal of Affective Disorders, 261, 1–8. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jad.2019.09.071.
• Rothan, H. A., & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433.
• Rozell, E. J., Pettijohn, C. E. & Parker, R. S. (2004). Customer-oriented selling: Exploring the roles of emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. Psychology & Marketing, 21(6), 405–424.
• Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., Galloway, J., & Davidson, K. (2007). Individual difference correlates of health-related behaviours: Preliminary evidence for links between emotional intelligence and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(3), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.006.
• Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211
• Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185– 211. https://doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG.
• Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S. E. (2007). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 921−933.
• Sevindik F, Uncu F, Güneş Dağ, D. (2012). Sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin duygusal zeka düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 26(1): 21-26.
• Shi, Y., Prentice, C. & He, W. (2014). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in casinos, does membership matter? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 81 –91.
• Sholkamy, H. (1996). Women’s Health Perceptions: A necessary approach to an understanding of health and well being. Monographs in Reproductive Health, 2. Cario: Population Council, Regional Office for West Asia and North Africa.
• Simpson, J.K.(2017). Appeal to fear in health care: appropriate or inappropriate? Chiropr Man Therap.25(1):27.
• Sipahioğlu, Ö. (2008). Farklı risk gruplarındaki ergenlerin psikolojik sağlamlıklarının incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
• Steinberg, J. W., & Daniel, J. (2020). Depression as a major mental health problem for the behavioral health care industry. Journal of Health Sciences Management and Public Health, 1, 44–49.
• Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş; temel ilkeler ve lısrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Ekinoks Yayıncılık.
• Tambağ, H.(2014). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 11(1): 41-46.
• Terenzini, P. T., Pascarella, E. T., & Blimling, G. S. (1996). Students' out-of-class experiences and their influence on learning and cognitive development: A literature review. Journal of College Student Development, 37(2), 149-162.
• Ünal, S., Karlıdağ, R., Yoloğlu, S. (2001). Hekimlerde tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu düzeylerinin yaşam doyumu düzeyleri ile ilişkisi, Klinik Psikiyatri, 4, 113-118.
• Ünalan, D. , Öztop, D. B. , Elmalı, F. , Öztürk, A. , Konak, D. , Pırlak, B. & Güneş, D. (2009). Bir grup sağlık yüksekokulu öğrencisinin yeme tutumları ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center, 16 (2) , 75-82. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/totm/issue/13101/157814
• Walker, J. (2001). Control and the Psychology of Health. Buckingham: Open University Press.
• Wang, C., Cheng, Z., Yue, X. G., & McAleer, M. (2020). Risk management of COVID-19 by universities in China. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(2), 36. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13020036.
• WHO. (1993). Hemşirelikte Etkinliğe Doğru Eylem ( Nursing in Action Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery to Support Healthforall). Ed. Salvaje, J. Türkçe ed: Ülker, S. Aydoğdu ofset, 11-19, Ankara.
• Wong, F.V. (2011). The Association between emotional ıntelligence, body mass ındex and eating behaviors among college students. University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 140. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/140.
• Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) related psychological and mental problems: Structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2), 175–176. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0047.
• Yeniçeri, E.N., Yıldız, E., Seydaoğulları, A., Güleç, S., Çetin E.S., Baldemir, E.(2015). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinde duygusal zeka ve empati ilişkisi. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 19(2): 99-107.
• Yıldız, M. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde duygusal zekâ yaşam doyumu ve depresyonun cinsiyet ve sınıf seviyelerine göre etkileri, OPUS – Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(11), 451-474.
• Yılmaz, E., Özkan, S. (2011). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin duygusal zekâ düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 4(1): 39-52.
• Zorlu, G., Yanık, A. (2019). Sağlık Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinde duygusal zeka ve meslek algısı arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Sdü Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,10(4), 389-402.