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Kartezyen Düalizm ve Ruhun Kavramsal Değişimi

Year 2013, Issue: 4, 55 - 67, 01.10.2013

Abstract

Kartezyen felsefe, geleneksel ruh anlayışını terk ederek modern psikolojiye de kaynaklık eden bir bilinç görüşünü felsefeye eklemler. Descartes, ruhu yalnızca canlılık veren bir organizmaya, can ruhlarına indirgerken, düşünceyi ise Tanrının bir armağanı olarak yücelttiği zihin yetisine, rasyonel ruha bağlar. Böylece insan, düşünmesi yönüyle zihinsel şey, eylemesi yönüyle de bir makine olarak adlandırılır. Düşüncenin yüceltilmesi, insanı yücelten biricik şeyin zihin olduğu anlamına gelir. Düşünen şey olarak insan, eylemlerinde artık uzamsal olan tözden yararlanacak, düşünceyi yalnızca kendi benliğinin ve sonra da Tanrının bilgisini elde etmede kullanacaktır.

References

  • Aristotle, De Anima (On the Soul), trans. Hugh Lawson-Tancred, London: Penguin Books, 1986.
  • Augustine, The Immortality of the Soul, trans. John J. McMahon, Washing- ton: The Catholic University of America Press, 1977.
  • Damasio, Antonio Descartes’ın Yanılgısı, çev. Bahar Atlamaz, İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları, 1998.
  • Descartes, René, Compendium of Music, trans. Walter Robert, Wisconsin: American Institute of Musicology, 1961.
  • Descartes, René, The World or Treatise on Light, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Treatise on Man, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Sto- othoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Discourse on the Method, trans. John Cottingham & Ro- bert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Des- cartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Optics, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Camb- ridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Principles of Philosophy, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Comments on a Certain Broadsheet, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Description of the Human Body, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, The Passions of the Soul, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Meditations on First Philosophy, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Reply to Second Objections, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Letters, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch & Anthony Kenny, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Laberthonnière, Lucién, Descartes Üzerine Tetkikler, çev. Mehmet Karasan, Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1977.
  • Malcolm, Norman, Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein, New York: Harper Torchbook Edition, 1971.
  • Plato, The Republic, trans. Desmond Lee, London: Penguin Books, 1987.
  • Rorty, Richard, Felsefe ve Doğanın Aynası, çev. Funda Günsoy Kaya, İstan- bul: Paradigma Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, London: Penguin Books, 1976.

Cartesian Dualism and Conceptual Change of the Soul

Year 2013, Issue: 4, 55 - 67, 01.10.2013

Abstract

Cartesian philosophy inserts into philosophy the conception of consciousness which is a source for modern psychology, by leaving traditional understanding on the soul. Whereas Descartes reduces the soul to an organism which animates only or animal spirits, he connects thought to faculty of mind or rational soul that which he exalts as a gift of God. Thus, human being is named a mental thing in that he thinks, and a machine in that he acts. The exaltation of thought means that the only thing which does exalt human being is mind. Human as thinking thing will benefit from the extended substance in his actions no longer, and he will use thought only to get knowledge of his self and after then God knowledge.

References

  • Aristotle, De Anima (On the Soul), trans. Hugh Lawson-Tancred, London: Penguin Books, 1986.
  • Augustine, The Immortality of the Soul, trans. John J. McMahon, Washing- ton: The Catholic University of America Press, 1977.
  • Damasio, Antonio Descartes’ın Yanılgısı, çev. Bahar Atlamaz, İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları, 1998.
  • Descartes, René, Compendium of Music, trans. Walter Robert, Wisconsin: American Institute of Musicology, 1961.
  • Descartes, René, The World or Treatise on Light, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Treatise on Man, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Sto- othoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Discourse on the Method, trans. John Cottingham & Ro- bert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Des- cartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Optics, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Camb- ridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Principles of Philosophy, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Comments on a Certain Broadsheet, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Description of the Human Body, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, The Passions of the Soul, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Meditations on First Philosophy, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Reply to Second Objections, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Descartes, René, Letters, trans. John Cottingham & Robert Stoothoff & Dugold Murdoch & Anthony Kenny, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. III, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Laberthonnière, Lucién, Descartes Üzerine Tetkikler, çev. Mehmet Karasan, Ankara: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, 1977.
  • Malcolm, Norman, Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein, New York: Harper Torchbook Edition, 1971.
  • Plato, The Republic, trans. Desmond Lee, London: Penguin Books, 1987.
  • Rorty, Richard, Felsefe ve Doğanın Aynası, çev. Funda Günsoy Kaya, İstan- bul: Paradigma Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Ryle, Gilbert, The Concept of Mind, London: Penguin Books, 1976.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlyas Altuner This is me

Publication Date October 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Altuner, İ. (2013). Kartezyen Düalizm ve Ruhun Kavramsal Değişimi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(4), 55-67.