Abstract
This study aims to
define two indexes named as coefficient of localization and specialization
coefficient, and to analyze recent changes in geographical dimension of
manufacturing in Turkey via deploying those indexes. While localization of
manufacturing between 1992 and 2016 is analyzed with former index, the second
one is used for analyzing specialization tendency of each industry and total
manufacturing. The findings of study point to clear increase in concentration
and localization tendency of manufacturing. Respective tendency verifies
assumptions of new economic geography theory and highlights deepening regional
disparities between existent east and west regions. It reveals regional
industrial diversification at province scale is not the fact in Turkey. Despite
the fact that traditional industrial provinces are unique geographical unites
in terms of sectoral diversification, new industrialized provinces in the
country seem like not able to create industrial diversification and specialized
in only a few industries.
References
- Aiginger, K. & Davies, S.W. (2004). Industrial specialization and geographic concentration: two sides of the same coin? Not for the European Union. Journal of Applied Economics, 7(2), 231-248.
- Barnes, J.T. & Gertler, M.S. (1999). The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions. New York: Routledge.
- Brakman, S., Garretsen, H. & van Marrewijk, C. (2001). An Introduction to Geographical Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Camagni, R.P. (1991). Local milieu, uncertainty and innovation networks: towards a new dynamic theory of economic space. In R. Camagni (Eds.), Innovation Networks (pp. 121–144). London: Belhaven.
- Content, J. & Frenken, K. (2016). Related variety and economic development: a literature review. European Planning Studies, 24, 2097- 2112.
- Cooke, P. & Schwartz, D. (2007). Creative Regions: Technology, Culture and Knowledge Entrepreneurship. London: Routledge.
- Eser, U. & Köse, S. (2005). Endüstriyel yerelleşme ve yoğunlaşma açısından Türkiye sanayii: il imalat sanayilerinin analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 60(2), 97-139.
- Falcıoğlu, P. & Akgüngör, S. (2008). Regional specialization and industrial concentration patterns in the Turkish manufacturing industry: An assessment for the 1980–2000 period. European Planning Studies, 16(2), 303-323.
- Garretsen, H. & Martin, R. (2010). Rethinking (new) economic geography models: taking geography and history more seriously. Spatial Economic Analysis, 5(2), 127-160.
- Gomez-Zaldivar, M., Mosqueda, M.T. & Duran, J.A. (2018). Localization of manufacturing industries and specialization in Mexican states: 1993-2013. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 9(4), 301-316.
- Hudson, R. (2005). Economic Geographies: Circuits, Flows and Spaces. London: Sage Publications.
- Kaygalak, İ. & Reid, N. (2016). The geographical evolution of manufacturing and industrial policies in Turkey. Applied Geography, 70, 37-48.
- Krugman, P. (1991a). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99, 483-499.
- Krugman, P. (1991b). Geography and Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Li, Y. & Wei, Y. H. D. (2010). The spatial-temporal hierarchy of regional inequality of China. Applied Geography, 30, 303-316.
- Mulligan, G.F. & Schmidt, C. (2005). A Note on Localization and Specialization. Growth and Change, 36(4), 565-576.
- Öz, Ö. (2004). Türkiye'de ekonomik faaliyetlerin mekânsal dağılımı ve rekabetçi yapısı. METU Studies in Development, 31(2), 211-241.
- Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantages of Nations. London: Macmillan.
- Porter, M. (1998). On Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Rutten, R. & Boekema, F. (2007). The Learning Region: Foundations, State of the art, Future. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Storper, M. (1995). The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2(3), 191-222.
- Storper, M. (1997). The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy. New York: The Guilford Press.
- Swyngedouw, E. (2000). The Marxian Alternative: Historical-Geographical Materialism and the Political Economy of Capitalism. In E. Sheppard & T. J. Barnes (Eds.), A Companion to Economic Geography (pp. 41-59). Oxford: Blackwell.
- TÜSİAD. (2005). Türkiye’de Bölgesel Gelişme Politikaları, Sektör-Bölge Yığınlaşmaları. İstanbul: TÜSİAD.
- Yavan, N. & Şahin, M. T. (2014). Türkiye Sanayinde Bölgesel Yoğunlaşma ve Çeşitlenmenin Farklı İndekslerle Analizi. TÜCAUM VIII. Coğrafya Sempozyumu 2014, 23-24 Ekim 2014, TÜCAUM, Ankara, Türkiye.
Abstract
Bu çalışma coğrafi çalışmalarda ve mekansal analizlerde yaygınlıkla
kullanılabilecek iki indeksi, yerelleşme indeksi ve uzmanlaşma indeksini
tanıtmayı ve bunlardan yola çıkarak Türkiye sanayi coğrafyasındaki son dönem
değişimleri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yerelleşme indeksi üzerinden imalat
sanayisinin 1992 ve 2016 arası dönemde coğrafi yoğunlaşma düzeyi analiz
edilirken, aynı dönemde iller düzeyinde sektörel çeşitlilik ya da uzmanlaşma
düzeyi uzmanlaşma katsayısı ile test edilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel bulguları
ele alınan dönem içinde Türkiye imalat sanayisinde coğrafi anlamda yoğunlaşma
eğiliminin arttığına işaret etmektedir. Söz konusu eğilim yeni ekonomik
coğrafya teorisinin varsayımlarını doğrulayacak şekilde iki kutuplu bir
mekansal örüntü yaratmaya devam etmekte ve geleneksel doğu-batı dengesizliğinin
derinleştiğine işaret etmektedir. Buna karşın iller bazında sektörel
çeşitlilikte pek bir değişimin olmadığı, geleneksel sanayi merkezlerinin
endüstriyel çeşitlilikte öncü rol oynarken yeni sanayi odaklarının istenilen
düzeyde bir endüstriyel çeşitlilik yaratmaktan uzak olduğunu göstermektedir.
References
- Aiginger, K. & Davies, S.W. (2004). Industrial specialization and geographic concentration: two sides of the same coin? Not for the European Union. Journal of Applied Economics, 7(2), 231-248.
- Barnes, J.T. & Gertler, M.S. (1999). The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions. New York: Routledge.
- Brakman, S., Garretsen, H. & van Marrewijk, C. (2001). An Introduction to Geographical Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Camagni, R.P. (1991). Local milieu, uncertainty and innovation networks: towards a new dynamic theory of economic space. In R. Camagni (Eds.), Innovation Networks (pp. 121–144). London: Belhaven.
- Content, J. & Frenken, K. (2016). Related variety and economic development: a literature review. European Planning Studies, 24, 2097- 2112.
- Cooke, P. & Schwartz, D. (2007). Creative Regions: Technology, Culture and Knowledge Entrepreneurship. London: Routledge.
- Eser, U. & Köse, S. (2005). Endüstriyel yerelleşme ve yoğunlaşma açısından Türkiye sanayii: il imalat sanayilerinin analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 60(2), 97-139.
- Falcıoğlu, P. & Akgüngör, S. (2008). Regional specialization and industrial concentration patterns in the Turkish manufacturing industry: An assessment for the 1980–2000 period. European Planning Studies, 16(2), 303-323.
- Garretsen, H. & Martin, R. (2010). Rethinking (new) economic geography models: taking geography and history more seriously. Spatial Economic Analysis, 5(2), 127-160.
- Gomez-Zaldivar, M., Mosqueda, M.T. & Duran, J.A. (2018). Localization of manufacturing industries and specialization in Mexican states: 1993-2013. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 9(4), 301-316.
- Hudson, R. (2005). Economic Geographies: Circuits, Flows and Spaces. London: Sage Publications.
- Kaygalak, İ. & Reid, N. (2016). The geographical evolution of manufacturing and industrial policies in Turkey. Applied Geography, 70, 37-48.
- Krugman, P. (1991a). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99, 483-499.
- Krugman, P. (1991b). Geography and Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
- Li, Y. & Wei, Y. H. D. (2010). The spatial-temporal hierarchy of regional inequality of China. Applied Geography, 30, 303-316.
- Mulligan, G.F. & Schmidt, C. (2005). A Note on Localization and Specialization. Growth and Change, 36(4), 565-576.
- Öz, Ö. (2004). Türkiye'de ekonomik faaliyetlerin mekânsal dağılımı ve rekabetçi yapısı. METU Studies in Development, 31(2), 211-241.
- Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantages of Nations. London: Macmillan.
- Porter, M. (1998). On Competition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Rutten, R. & Boekema, F. (2007). The Learning Region: Foundations, State of the art, Future. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Storper, M. (1995). The resurgence of regional economies, ten years later: the region as a nexus of untraded interdependencies. European Urban and Regional Studies, 2(3), 191-222.
- Storper, M. (1997). The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy. New York: The Guilford Press.
- Swyngedouw, E. (2000). The Marxian Alternative: Historical-Geographical Materialism and the Political Economy of Capitalism. In E. Sheppard & T. J. Barnes (Eds.), A Companion to Economic Geography (pp. 41-59). Oxford: Blackwell.
- TÜSİAD. (2005). Türkiye’de Bölgesel Gelişme Politikaları, Sektör-Bölge Yığınlaşmaları. İstanbul: TÜSİAD.
- Yavan, N. & Şahin, M. T. (2014). Türkiye Sanayinde Bölgesel Yoğunlaşma ve Çeşitlenmenin Farklı İndekslerle Analizi. TÜCAUM VIII. Coğrafya Sempozyumu 2014, 23-24 Ekim 2014, TÜCAUM, Ankara, Türkiye.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Human Geography |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 10, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Issue: 38 |