YEŞİL PAPAĞANLAR (PSİTTACULA KRAMERİ) VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ HABİTATLARININ COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2018, Issue: 38, 279 - 294, 09.07.2018

Onur Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.32003/iggei.440891

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yeşil papağanların (Psittacula krameri) doğal yaşam alanları bir diğer söyleyişle anavatanları Orta
Afrika ve Güney Asya’dır, otuz beş ülkede yerli tür olarak bulunmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte otuz altı farklı ülkede olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de egzotik
türler olarak yaşayabilmektedir. Tutsak hayvan olarak getirildikleri bu
ülkelerde kafeslerden kaçmayı başarmış ve tarla, bahçe ya da şehirlerin
çevresinde çoğalmışlardır. Anavatanlarında Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırmasına
göre tropikal iklim koşulları olmasına karşın, kurak-yarı kurak ikliminden, dağ
iklimine kadar farklı hava koşullarına adapte olmayı başarmışlardır. Türkiye’de
kırsal alanlardan ve tarım alanlarından daha çok şehir içi yeşil alanları
kendilerine yaşam alanı olarak seçtikleri gözlenmektedir. Doğal ve/veya
antropik habitatlarında belli başlı besinleri otlar, çiçekler, nektar, sert
kabuklu ya da taş çekirdekli meyveler, sebzeler, çeşitli tohumlardır.
Türkiye’de ilk kez 1976 yılında, Ankara’da gözlemlendikleri rapor edilmiştir.
Türkiye’deki yaşam alanlarının özellikleri şu şekilde sıralanabilir:  1. Aşırı soğuk geçen kış mevsiminde şehir
iklimin mikroklima alanı oluşturması. Şehirde binaların kışın yaydığı
antropojenik ısı ve kış koşullarında şehir ikliminin kırsal bölgelerden daha
sıcak olması. 2. Şehir içi yeşil alanlarda onlarca egzotik bitki türünün
bulunması. 3. Binaların çatı bölümlerinin ve yeşil alanlardaki egzotik
ağaçların uygun yuvalama koşullarını sunması. 4. Yeşil alanların besin,
barınma, sosyalleşme imkânı sağlayan birer ekosistem işlevi görmesi. 5. Doğal
avcılarının bulunmaması ya da nadiren bulunması. 6. Kayda değer bir
rakiplerinin ve/veya rekabetin olmaması. Yeşil papağanlar birçok Avrupa
ülkesinde ve Avustralya’da tehlikeli ‘işgalci’ tür ya da ‘zararlı’ olarak
değerlendirilmekle birlikte Türkiye’de yerli türlerle ilişkisi ve ekonomik
etkileri konusunda gerçekleştirilmiş ayrıntılı bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır.

Keywords

Yeşil Papağan (Psittacula Krameri), İşgalci Tür, Egzotik Tür, Şehir İçi Yeşil Alan Ekosistemleri, Arazi Kullanım

ROSE-RINGED PARAKEETS (PSITTACULA KRAMERI) AND GEOGRAPHICAL EVALUATION OF HABITATS IN TURKEY

Abstract

The natural habitat of rose-ringed parakeets
(Psittacula krameri) is Africa, South Asia. However, it can live as exotic
species in our country as it is in many Southwest Asian countries. In these countries
where they were taken to captive animals, they managed to escape from the cages
and to recruit them in their urban areas or agricultural fields. Although their
homeland has equatorial climatic conditions for Köppen-Geiger climate
classification, they have been adapting to different weather conditions from
arid-semiarid climate to snow climate. In Turkey, they prepare the green spaces
within the urban area more often than rural areas and agricultural areas. In
the natural environment, fruits, vegetables, various seeds, nuts are the main
foods. It is reported as they have been first observed in 1976 in Ankara.
Factors influencing their selection of urban parks, forests in Turkey can be
listed as; 1. The anthropogenic heat and winter conditions of public buildings
in the city and d also in the winter conditions urban climate are more suitable
than in rural areas. 2. The roofing sections of the buildings shall provide
proper nesting conditions. 3. A simple urban green area in Turkey is to have
purely exotic plant species. 4. Urban green spaces has offers the ecosystem
services as a part of the betting area. 5. The absence of a hunter or
competitor in urban areas. In many European countries and in Australia
rose-ringed parakeets are considered as invasive species or pest species, but
there are no detailed studies on the relationship of domesticated birds and
other living things with in Turkey.

Keywords

Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittacula Krameri), Invasive Species, Exotic Species, Urban Green Ecosystems, Land Use

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