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Evaluation of Türkiye's glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 170 - 190, 03.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1207151

Öz

Glacier tourism, a recent trend, has been successfully applied in many glacial areas. Although Türkiye has significant potential regarding these resources, it is still unfamiliar with 'glacier tourism'. The current study evaluates the glacier tourism potential of 12 regions that correspond to the current glacial areas of Türkiye using CRITIC-ARAS-WASPAS techniques. For this purpose, 18 criteria obtained from the literature were analysed with the help of an expert panel and various secondary data. According to the findings, the regions with the most significant potential for glacier tourism development in Türkiye are Rize, Mersin, Hakkari, Artvin, Kayseri, and Niğde. Various suggestions were presented to the stakeholders for the development and expansion of glacier tourism in these regions. The study and the proposed methodology are expected to make theoretical contributions to the literature as they focus on a topic that has not been addressed before in Türkiye. The findings are also anticipated to provide practical knowledge and awareness to local stakeholders in the glacier areas.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Proje Numarası

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Z., Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett J. M. (2021). Glacier tourism and tourist reviews: an experiential engagement with the concept of “Last Chance Tourism”. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 22(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2021.1974545
  • Acuner, E. & Aydın E. U. (2022). The effect of local people's perception of heliski tourism as an alternative tourism type on heliski tourism support: the case of Rize. Alanya Academic Perspective, 6(1), 1757-1781. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.987263
  • Akbulut, O. Y. (2019). Analyzing the Performance of İşbank between 2009-2018 Yearsby CRITIC and EDAS Methods. Journal of Research in Economics, Politics& Finance, 4(2), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.594762
  • Azzoni, R. S., Bollati, I. M., Manuela, P., Sarıkaya, M. A., & Zerboni, A. (2022). Geomorphology of a recently deglaciated high mountain area in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Journal of Maps. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2035269
  • Bahrami, Y., Hassani, H., & Maghsoudi, A. (2019). BWM-ARAS: A new hybrid MCDM method for Cu prospectivity mapping in the Abhararea, NW Iran. Spatial Statistics, 33, 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2019.100382
  • Balki, M.K., Erdoğan, S., Aydın, S., & Sayın, C. (2020). The optimization of engine operating parameters via SWARA and ARAS hybrid method in a small SI engine using alternative fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258:120685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120685.
  • Bayrakdar, C. & Özdemir, H. (2010). The effect of aspect on development of glacial and periglacial topography at the Kaçkar Mountain. Turkish Geographical Review, 54, 1-13. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tcd/issue/21227/227801.
  • Bayrakdar, C., Çılğın, Z., Döker, M. F., & Canpolat, E. (2015). Evidence of an active glacier in the Munzur Mountains, eastern Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 56–71. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1403-7
  • Bulğurcu, B. (2019). Multi-attribute utility the oryıntegration with CRITIC method: Smart technology preference example. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 1930-1957. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.584123
  • Çiner, A. (2003). Recent glaciers and Late Quaternary glacial deposits of Turkey. Turkish Geological Bulletin, 46 (1): 55-78. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tjb/issue/28630/590866.
  • Çiner, A. (2004). Turkish Glaciers and Glacial Deposits. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology, Part I: Europe, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80093-9
  • Çiner, A., & Sarıkaya, M. A. (2013). Glaciers and Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. Istanbul: ENIVA Foundation Publications
  • Dahooie, J. H., Zavadskas, E.K., Abolhasani, M., Vanaki, A., & Turskis, Z. (2018). A novel approach for evaluation of projects using an interval‐valued fuzzy additive ratio assessment ARAS method: a case study of oil and gas well drilling projects. Symmetry, 10(2):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10020045
  • Dede, V., Çiçek, İ., Sarıkaya, M. A., Çiner, A., & Uncu, L. (2017). First cosmogenic geochronology from the Lesser Caucasus: Late Pleistocene glaciation and rock glacier development in the Karçal Valley, NE Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews, 164, 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.025
  • Deveci, M., Canıtez, F., & Gökaşar, I. (2018). WASPAS and TOPSIS based interval type-2 fuzzy MCDM method for a selection of a car sharing station. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.034
  • Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: the CRITIC method. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H
  • Furunes, T., & Mykletun, R. J. (2012). Frozen adventure at risk? A 7-year follow-upstudy of Norwegian glacier tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 324-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2012.748507.
  • Ghenai, C., Albawab, M., & Bettayeb, M. (2020). Sustainability indicators for renewable energy systems using multi-criteria decision-making model and extended SWARA/ARAS hybrid method. Renew Energy,146:580– 597 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.157
  • Gönençgil, B. (1999). Mountain Areas Management (DAY) and Planning for Sustainable Use of Mountain Areas [Proceeding] 18-19 November 1999 Environmental Pollution Priorities in Turkey Symposium III, (pp. 295- 302) Kocaeli.
  • Gönençgil, B. (2003). Problems of Mountainous Areas in Terms of Usage and Suggestions for Solutions, [Publication] 16-18 April 2003 Geographical Environment Protection and Tourism Symposium, Turkey: İzmir.
  • Gönençgil, B., & Güngör, Y. (2002). Mountain Tourism in Turkey, Potentials and Problems [Paper]. 25-27 June 2002 Turkey Mountains 1st National Symposium Proceedings. (pp. 38-47), Kastamonu.
  • Gürgen, G., Çalışkan, O., Yılmaz, E., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2010). Debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers. Nature Sciences, 5(1), 32–45.
  • Karadağ Ak, Ö., Hazar, A., &Babuşcu, Ş. (2022). Evaluation of the financial performance of development and investment banks with entropy-based ARAS method. Macro economics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2022.2035523
  • Kaymaz, Ç. K., Kızılkan, Y., & Birinci, S. (2020). Analysis of Kaçkar Mountains National Park by Sustainable Mountain Tourism Experience Model. In: Mountains and Mountainous Areas with a Geographical Perspective (Sustainability-Management-Sample Field Studies). Eds: Birinci, S., Kaymaz, C.K., Kızılkan, Y.
  • Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E. & Antuchevičienė, J. (2017). Assessment of third-party logistics providers using a CRITIC–WASPAS approach with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Transport, 32(1): 66-78. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1282381
  • Kızılkan, Y. (2021). Sustainable development in mountainous areas of Giresun province. Doctoral Thesis. Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Geography. Erzurum.
  • Koca, R., Güney, İ., Altundal Öncü, M., & Somuncu, M. (2016). An Investigation of Kaçkar Mountains National Park on Effective Planning and Sustainable Site Management in Protected Areas. International Geography Symposium, 13-14 October 2016, Ankara, pp: 771-778.
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  • Lashgari, S., Antuchevičienė, J., Delavari, A., & Kheirkhah, O. (2014). Using QSPM and WASPAS methods for determining out sourcing strategies. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(4):729–743. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2014.908789.
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Çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) teknikleriyle Türkiye'nin buzul turizmi potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 49, 170 - 190, 03.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1207151

Öz

Son yıllarda popüler olan buzul turizmi birçok buzul bölgesinde başarıyla uygulanmaktadır. Türkiye bu kaynaklar açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olmasına rağmen, 'buzul turizmi' konusuna henüz yabancıdır. Mevcut çalışma, Türkiye'nin mevcut buzul alanlarına karşılık gelen 12 yörenin buzul turizmi potansiyelini CRITIC-ARAS-WASPAS yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla literatürden elde edilen 18 kriter uzman paneli ve çeşitli ikincil verilerle değerlendirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Türkiye'de buzul turizmi açısından en önemli gelişme potansiyeline sahip bölgeler Rize, Mersin, Hakkari, Artvin, Kayseri ve Niğde'dir. Bu bölgelerde buzul turizminin gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması için paydaşlara çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ve önerilen metodolojinin, Türkiye'de daha önce ele alınmamış bir konuya odaklanması nedeniyle literatüre teorik katkılar sağlayacaktır. Bulguların ayrıca buzul bölgelerindeki yerel paydaşlara pratik bilgi ve farkındalık sağlaması beklenmektedir.

Proje Numarası

None

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Z., Hoogendoorn, G., & Fitchett J. M. (2021). Glacier tourism and tourist reviews: an experiential engagement with the concept of “Last Chance Tourism”. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 22(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2021.1974545
  • Acuner, E. & Aydın E. U. (2022). The effect of local people's perception of heliski tourism as an alternative tourism type on heliski tourism support: the case of Rize. Alanya Academic Perspective, 6(1), 1757-1781. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.987263
  • Akbulut, O. Y. (2019). Analyzing the Performance of İşbank between 2009-2018 Yearsby CRITIC and EDAS Methods. Journal of Research in Economics, Politics& Finance, 4(2), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.594762
  • Azzoni, R. S., Bollati, I. M., Manuela, P., Sarıkaya, M. A., & Zerboni, A. (2022). Geomorphology of a recently deglaciated high mountain area in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Journal of Maps. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2035269
  • Bahrami, Y., Hassani, H., & Maghsoudi, A. (2019). BWM-ARAS: A new hybrid MCDM method for Cu prospectivity mapping in the Abhararea, NW Iran. Spatial Statistics, 33, 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2019.100382
  • Balki, M.K., Erdoğan, S., Aydın, S., & Sayın, C. (2020). The optimization of engine operating parameters via SWARA and ARAS hybrid method in a small SI engine using alternative fuels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258:120685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120685.
  • Bayrakdar, C. & Özdemir, H. (2010). The effect of aspect on development of glacial and periglacial topography at the Kaçkar Mountain. Turkish Geographical Review, 54, 1-13. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tcd/issue/21227/227801.
  • Bayrakdar, C., Çılğın, Z., Döker, M. F., & Canpolat, E. (2015). Evidence of an active glacier in the Munzur Mountains, eastern Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 56–71. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1403-7
  • Bulğurcu, B. (2019). Multi-attribute utility the oryıntegration with CRITIC method: Smart technology preference example. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 13(19), 1930-1957. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.584123
  • Çiner, A. (2003). Recent glaciers and Late Quaternary glacial deposits of Turkey. Turkish Geological Bulletin, 46 (1): 55-78. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tjb/issue/28630/590866.
  • Çiner, A. (2004). Turkish Glaciers and Glacial Deposits. In: Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. (Eds.), Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology, Part I: Europe, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 419-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80093-9
  • Çiner, A., & Sarıkaya, M. A. (2013). Glaciers and Climate Change: Past, Present and Future. Istanbul: ENIVA Foundation Publications
  • Dahooie, J. H., Zavadskas, E.K., Abolhasani, M., Vanaki, A., & Turskis, Z. (2018). A novel approach for evaluation of projects using an interval‐valued fuzzy additive ratio assessment ARAS method: a case study of oil and gas well drilling projects. Symmetry, 10(2):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10020045
  • Dede, V., Çiçek, İ., Sarıkaya, M. A., Çiner, A., & Uncu, L. (2017). First cosmogenic geochronology from the Lesser Caucasus: Late Pleistocene glaciation and rock glacier development in the Karçal Valley, NE Turkey. Quaternary Science Reviews, 164, 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.025
  • Deveci, M., Canıtez, F., & Gökaşar, I. (2018). WASPAS and TOPSIS based interval type-2 fuzzy MCDM method for a selection of a car sharing station. Sustainable Cities and Society, 41, 777–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.05.034
  • Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., & Papayannakis, L. (1995). Determining objective weights in multiple criteria problems: the CRITIC method. Computers & Operations Research, 22(7), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)00059-H
  • Furunes, T., & Mykletun, R. J. (2012). Frozen adventure at risk? A 7-year follow-upstudy of Norwegian glacier tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 324-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2012.748507.
  • Ghenai, C., Albawab, M., & Bettayeb, M. (2020). Sustainability indicators for renewable energy systems using multi-criteria decision-making model and extended SWARA/ARAS hybrid method. Renew Energy,146:580– 597 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.157
  • Gönençgil, B. (1999). Mountain Areas Management (DAY) and Planning for Sustainable Use of Mountain Areas [Proceeding] 18-19 November 1999 Environmental Pollution Priorities in Turkey Symposium III, (pp. 295- 302) Kocaeli.
  • Gönençgil, B. (2003). Problems of Mountainous Areas in Terms of Usage and Suggestions for Solutions, [Publication] 16-18 April 2003 Geographical Environment Protection and Tourism Symposium, Turkey: İzmir.
  • Gönençgil, B., & Güngör, Y. (2002). Mountain Tourism in Turkey, Potentials and Problems [Paper]. 25-27 June 2002 Turkey Mountains 1st National Symposium Proceedings. (pp. 38-47), Kastamonu.
  • Gürgen, G., Çalışkan, O., Yılmaz, E., & Yeşilyurt, S. (2010). Debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers. Nature Sciences, 5(1), 32–45.
  • Karadağ Ak, Ö., Hazar, A., &Babuşcu, Ş. (2022). Evaluation of the financial performance of development and investment banks with entropy-based ARAS method. Macro economics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2022.2035523
  • Kaymaz, Ç. K., Kızılkan, Y., & Birinci, S. (2020). Analysis of Kaçkar Mountains National Park by Sustainable Mountain Tourism Experience Model. In: Mountains and Mountainous Areas with a Geographical Perspective (Sustainability-Management-Sample Field Studies). Eds: Birinci, S., Kaymaz, C.K., Kızılkan, Y.
  • Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E. & Antuchevičienė, J. (2017). Assessment of third-party logistics providers using a CRITIC–WASPAS approach with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Transport, 32(1): 66-78. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1282381
  • Kızılkan, Y. (2021). Sustainable development in mountainous areas of Giresun province. Doctoral Thesis. Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Geography. Erzurum.
  • Koca, R., Güney, İ., Altundal Öncü, M., & Somuncu, M. (2016). An Investigation of Kaçkar Mountains National Park on Effective Planning and Sustainable Site Management in Protected Areas. International Geography Symposium, 13-14 October 2016, Ankara, pp: 771-778.
  • Kurter, A. (1991). Glaciers of Middle East and Africa Glaciers of Turkey. In Williams, R.S., Ferrigno, J.G. (Eds.), Satellite Image Atlas of the World, pp. 1-30, USGS Professional Paper 1386-G-1.
  • Lashgari, S., Antuchevičienė, J., Delavari, A., & Kheirkhah, O. (2014). Using QSPM and WASPAS methods for determining out sourcing strategies. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 15(4):729–743. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2014.908789.
  • Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2020). Türkiye tourism statistics. Retrieved from https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR- 9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html/.
  • Mishra, A. R., & Rani, P. (2021). A q-rung orthopair fuzzy ARAS method based on entropy and discrimination measures: an application of sustainable recycling partner selection. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03549-3
  • Naald, B. V. (2020). Examining tourist preferences to slow glacier loss: evidence from Alaska. Tourism Recreation Research, 45(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1606978
  • Peng, X., Zhang, X., & Luo, Z. (2020). Pythagorean fuzzy MCDM method based on CoCoSo and CRITIC with score function for 5G industry evaluation. Artificial Intelligence Review, 53,3813–3847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09780-x
  • Purdie, H. (2013). Glacier retreat and tourism: Insights from New Zealand. Mountain Researchand Development, 33(4), 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD- JOURNAL-D-12-00073.1
  • Purdie, H., Hutton, J. H., Stewart, E., & Espiner, S. (2020). Implications of a changing alpine environment for geotourism: A case study from Aoraki/Mount Cook, New Zealand. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 29, 100235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2019.100235
  • Salim, E., Mabboux, L., Ravanel, L., Deline, P. & Gauchon, C. (2021a). A history of tourism at the Mer de Glace: Adaptations of glacier tourism to glacier fluctuations since 1741. Journal of Mountain Science, 18, 1977-1994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6723-5
  • Salim, E., Ravanel, L., Deline, P., & Gauchon, C. (2021b). A review of melting ice adaptation strategies in the glacier tourism context. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 21 (2), 229-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2021.1879670
  • Salim, E., Ravanel, L. & Deline, P. (2022). Does witnessing the effects of climate change on glacial landscapes increase pro-environmental behaviour intentions? An empirical study of a last-chance destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2044291
  • Sarıkaya, M. A. (2012). Recession of the ice cap on Mount Ağrı (Ararat), Turkey, from 1976 to 2011 and its climatic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 46, 190-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.12.009
  • Sarıkaya, M. A., & Tekeli, A. E. (2014). Satellite Inventory of Glaciers in Türkiye. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space, Kargel, J. S., Leonard, G. J., Bishop, M. P., Kaab, A., Raup, B. (Eds.), Praxis-Springer (Publisher), Berlin Heidelberg, 465-480, 876 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79818-7_21
  • Siksnelyte-Butkiene, I., Zavadskas, E. K., & Streimikiene, D. (2020). Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for the assessment of renewable energy technologies in a household: A review. Energies, 13(5), 1164
  • Somuncu, M. (2003). Tourism/Recreation and Environment Interaction in Protected Mountain Areas in Turkey: Examples of Aladağlar and Kaçkar Mountains National Parks". 16-18 April 2003 Geographic Environmental Protection and Tourism Symposium Proceedings, (pp. 65-72), İzmir: Ege University Faculty of Letters Publications
  • Somuncu, M. (2004). The dilemma in mountaineering and mountain tourism: Economic benefit and ecological cost. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2 (1):1-22
  • Stewart, E. J., Wilson, J., Espiner, S., Purdie, H., Lemieu, X. C., & Dawson, J. (2016). Implications of climate change for glacier tourism. Tourism Geographies, 18(4), 377-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1198416
  • Stewart, T. J. (1992). A critical survey on the status of multiple criteria decision-making the ory and practice. Omega, 20(5–6), 569–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(92)90003-P
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2021). Regional economic data. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Il- Bazinda-Gayrisafi-Yurt-Ici-Hasila-2020-37188.
  • Turoğlu, H. (2011). Glaciers and Glacial Geomorphology. Çantay Publications.
  • TURSAB. (2020). Türkiye tourism statistics. Retrieved from https://www.tursab.org.tr/istatistikler/. Accessed May 6, 2022.
  • Tuş, I. A., & Adalı, E.A. (2019). The new combination with CRITIC and WASPAS methods for the time andattendance software selection problem. OPSEARCH, 56, 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12597-019- 00371-6
  • Türkeş, M. (2008). What is global climate change? Basic concepts, causes, observed and predicted changes, Climate Change and Environment, 1, 26-37.
  • Wang, S. J., He, Y., & Song, X. (2010). Impacts of climate warming on alpine glacier tourism and adaptive measures: A case study of Baishui glacier No. 1 in Yulong Snow Mountain, Southwestern China. Journal of Earth Science, 21(2), 166-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-010-0015-2.
  • Wang, S. J., & Zhou, L. Y. (2019). Integrated impacts of climate change on glacier tourism. Advances in Climate Change Research, 10(2), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.06.006
  • Wang, S. J., Mu, Y., Zhang, X., & Xie, J. (2020a). Polar tourism and environment change: Opportunity, impact and adaptation. Polar Science, 25, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2020.100544
  • Wang, S., Xie, J., & Zhou, L. (2020b). China’s glacier tourism: Potential evaluation and spatial planning. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management,18, 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100506
  • Welling, J. T., Arnason, P., & Olafsdottir, R. (2015). Glacier tourism: A scoping review. Tourism Geographies, 17(5), 635-662. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1084529
  • Welling, J., & Abegg, B. (2021). Following the ice: Adaptation processes of glacier tour operators in Southeast Iceland. International Journal of Biometeorology,65, 703-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00484-019-01779-x
  • Yalçın, N., & Ünlü, U., (2018). A multi-criteria performance analysis of initial public ofering (IPO) frms using CRITIC and VIKOR methods. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 24(2). 534–560. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1213201
  • Yavaşlı, D. D., Tucker, C. J., & Melocik, K. A. (2015). Change in the glacier extent in Turkey during the Landsat Era. Remote Sensing of Environment, 163, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.002.
  • Yıldırım, B. F. (2015). ARAS method in multi criteria decision making. Kafkas University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 6(9), 285-296. https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/iibfdergi/file/09/15_.pdf
  • Yuan, L., & Wang, S. (2018). Recreational value of glacier tourism resources: A travel cost analysis for Yulong Snow Mountain. Journal of Mountain Science, 15(7), 1446–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11629-017-4685-4
  • Zafar, S., Alamgir, Z. & Rehman, M.H. (2021). An effective block chain evaluation system based on Entropy- CRITIC weight method and MCDM techniques. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 14, 3110–3123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-021-01173-8
  • Zaman, M. (2008). The importance of the Fırtına Stream basin and Kaçkar Mountains National Park in terms of alternative tourism. Journal of Atatürk University Institute of Social Sciences, 12(2), 1–33
  • Zaman, M., & Birinci, S. (2009). An Alternative Tourism Activity in Kaçkar Mountains: Heliski (Mountain Ski). Journal of Atatürk University Social Sciences Institute, 13(2): 33-46
  • Zavadskas, E. K. &Turskis, Z. (2010). A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multi criteria decision‐ making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.10
  • Zavadskas, E. K. Z., Turskis, J., Antucheviciene, J., & Zakarevicius, A. (2012). Optimization of weighted aggregated sum product assessment. Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 122 (6), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.122.6.1810
  • Zorlu, K., & Dede, V. (2022). Glacial Tourism: A Conceptual Evaluation. Academician Publishing.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ
Yazarlar

Kuttusi Zorlu 0000-0001-8924-6549

Volkan Dede 0000-0003-4523-1390

Proje Numarası None
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 49

Kaynak Göster

APA Zorlu, K., & Dede, V. (2023). Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education(49), 170-190. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1207151
AMA Zorlu K, Dede V. Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. IGGE. Haziran 2023;(49):170-190. doi:10.32003/igge.1207151
Chicago Zorlu, Kuttusi, ve Volkan Dede. “Evaluation of Türkiye’s Glacier Tourism Potential With Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Techniques”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 49 (Haziran 2023): 170-90. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1207151.
EndNote Zorlu K, Dede V (01 Haziran 2023) Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 49 170–190.
IEEE K. Zorlu ve V. Dede, “Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques”, IGGE, sy. 49, ss. 170–190, Haziran 2023, doi: 10.32003/igge.1207151.
ISNAD Zorlu, Kuttusi - Dede, Volkan. “Evaluation of Türkiye’s Glacier Tourism Potential With Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Techniques”. lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education 49 (Haziran 2023), 170-190. https://doi.org/10.32003/igge.1207151.
JAMA Zorlu K, Dede V. Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. IGGE. 2023;:170–190.
MLA Zorlu, Kuttusi ve Volkan Dede. “Evaluation of Türkiye’s Glacier Tourism Potential With Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Techniques”. Lnternational Journal of Geography and Geography Education, sy. 49, 2023, ss. 170-9, doi:10.32003/igge.1207151.
Vancouver Zorlu K, Dede V. Evaluation of Türkiye’s glacier tourism potential with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques. IGGE. 2023(49):170-9.