Acute Effect of Unilateral Muscle Training Supported with Visual Feedback on Contralateral Muscle Strength and Joint Position Sense

Abstract

Aim: Unilateral exercise training is an effective and useful technique, especially in immobilization and neurological conditions, but the effect of unilateral muscle exercise training on muscle strength is modest. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect the acute concomitant effect of mirror therapy and unilateral exercise training on muscle strength and joint position sense in healthy adults.

Method: Thirty-one participants were randomly enrolled in two groups the mirror (n=16) and control groups (n=15). Hand grip (HG), pinch grip (PG) strengths, and joint position sense (JPS) of the wrist were assessed in both hands before and after a single exercise session which include 300 repetitive ball squeezing exercises by right (exercised) hand for all groups. The participants in the mirror group were asked to watch the mirror to see the reflection of their exercised hands, the control group only watched their exercised and unexercised hands without any visual feedback support during the exercise session. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Mixed ANOVA tests were performed to analyze in- and between-group differences.

Results: The statistically significant differences were determined in unexercised hand HG and PG strength in the mirror group (F=10,105; p=0,006, ηp2=0,403; F=5,341; p=0,035; ηp2=0,263, respectively). However, any group×time interaction was found in JPS, HG, or PG tests (p<0;05). Additionally, no difference was shown in JPS in-group comparisons (p<0;05).

Conclusion: The result of the study suggested that unilateral exercise training should apply concomitant with visual feedback. Further studies are needed to compare the effect of different sensory feedbacks on unilateral exercise training.

Keywords

• Exercise
• muscle strength
• feedback
• Egzersiz
• kas kuvveti
• geribildirim

Görsel Geri Bildirim Destekli Tek Taraflı Kuvvet Eğitiminin Kontralateral Kuvvet ve Eklem Pozisyon Hissine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Tek taraflı egzersiz eğitimi, immobilizasyon ve nörolojik durumlarda faydalı ve etkin bir yöntemdir. Ancak, unilateral egzersiz eğitiminin kas kuvveti üzerine etkisi azdır. Bu sebeple, çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı kişilerde ayna tedavisi ile birlikte uygulanan tek taraflı egzersiz eğitiminin kas kuvveti ve eklem pozisyon hissi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Otuz bir katılımcı rastgele yöntemle ayna ve kontrol grubuna dahil edildi. Her iki elde, el kavrama (EK), çimdik kavrama (ÇK) kuvvetleri ve el bileğinin eklem pozisyon hissi (EPH) bir seanslık egzersiz eğitimi öncesi ve sonrasında değerlendirildi. Tüm gruplar için tek seanslık egzersiz eğitimi sağ elle yapılan 300 tekrarlı top sıkma egzersizini içeriyordu. Ayna grubundaki katılımcılardan egzersiz sırasında egzersiz yapan ellerinin aynadaki görüntüsünü izlemeleri istenirken, kontrol grubu egzersiz yapan ve yapmayan ellerini herhangi bir görsel geribildirim desteği olmadan izlediler. Repeated Measure Anova ve Mixed Anova testleri grup içi ve gruplar arası farklılıkların analizi için kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Ayna grubunun egzersiz yapmayan elinin EK ve ÇK kuvvetlerinde istatistiksel olarak değişiklik saptandı (sırasıyla F=10,105; p=0,006, ηp2=0,403; F=5,341; p=0,035; ηp2=0,263). Ancak, EPH, EK ve ÇK’da grup×zaman interaksiyonu bulunmadı (p>0,05). Ek olarak, EPH grup içi karşılaştırmalarda herhangi bir farklılık göstermedi (p<0,05).

Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçları, tek taraflı egzersiz eğitiminin görsel geri bildirimle birlikte uygulanmasını tavsiye etmektedir. Farklı duyusal geri bildirimlerin tek taraflı egzersiz eğitimi üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmak için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Egzersiz
• kas kuvveti
• geribildirim

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