Neonatal Pnömonide Hemşirelik Bakımı

Abstract

Neonatal pnömoni, başta bakteriler olmak üzere çeşitli mikroorganizmaların neden olduğu, yüksek mortalite ve morbidite potansiyeli olan ciddi bir solunum yolu enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Neonatal pnömoni, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmekte olup, Dünyada her yıl 1 yaşından küçük 152.000-490.000 bebeğin pnömoniden öldüğü bildirilmektedir. %1-35 arasında insidansa sahip olan neonatal pnömoni, term bebekler için %1, preterm bebekler için ise %10 sıklığında görülmektedir. İnsidans; gebelik yaşı, entübasyon durumu, yenidoğan bakım düzeyi ve standardı, ırk ve sosyoekonomik duruma göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Pnömoniye bağlı ölüm oranı genellikle gebelik yaşı ve doğum ağırlığı ile ters orantılıdır. Neonatal pnömoniler başlangıç zamanına göre “Konjenital ve Erken Başlangıçlı Pnömoni” ile “Geç Başlangıçlı Pnömoni” olarak sınıflandırılmakta olup, maternal, perinatal ve mekanik ventilasyon gibi pek çok risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Neonatal pnömonide klinik belirtiler spesifik olmayıp, semptomlar arasında çeşitli derecelerde solunum sıkıntısı, şüpheli görünen trakeal aspiratlar, öksürük, apne, unstabil vücut sıcaklığı, yetersiz beslenme, abdominal distansiyon ve letarji yer almaktadır. Bu doğrultuda pediatri hemşireleri, pnömoni tanısı bulunan yenidoğanların hemşirelik bakımında çoğunlukla destekleyici bakım uygulamakla birlikte, bebeğin solunum durumu ve oksijenasyonunu, sıvı durumunu ve sepsis riskini rutin olarak izlemesi ve değerlendirmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Hemşirelik bakımı
• neoanatal pnömoni
• pediatri hemşiresi

Nursing Care in Neonatal Pneumonia

Abstract

Neonatal pneumonia is a serious respiratory tract infection disease with high mortality and morbidity potential, caused by various microorganisms, especially bacteria. Neonatal pneumonia remains to be an important health problem, especially in developing countries, and it is reported that 152,000-490,000 babies younger than 1 year old die from pneumonia every year in the world. Neonatal pneumonia with an incidence of 1-35%, is seen with a frequency of 1% among term babies and 10% preterm babies. The incidence varies according to gestational age, intubation status, newborn care level and standard, race and socioeconomic status. The mortality rate due to pneumonia is generally inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight. Neonatal pneumonias are classified as “Congenital and Early Onset Pneumonia” and “Late-Onset Pneumonia” according to the onset time, and there are many risk factors such as maternal, perinatal and mechanical ventilation. Clinical manifestations of neonatal pneumonia are nonspecific, and symptoms include varying degrees of respiratory distress, suspicious-looking tracheal aspirates, cough, apnea, unstable body temperature, malnutrition, abdominal distention, and lethargy. In this respect, pediatric nurses should routinely monitor and evaluate the infant's respiratory status and oxygenation, fluid status and sepsis risk, although they mostly provide supportive care in the nursing care of newborns diagnosed with pneumonia.

Keywords

• Nursing care
• neonatal pneumonia
• pediatric nurse

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