The Effects of Feeding and Eating Disorders on Fetal and Maternal Health During Pregnancy

Abstract

Pregnancy is a unique metabolic state characterized by physiological, psychological, and various changes in maternal metabolism. Eating disorders are common among women and pose a risk for women of reproductive age, including those during pregnancy. Eating disorders during pregnancy play a role in reproductive health, adverse birth outcomes, fetal growth and development retardation, and the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders. Pre-pregnancy nutritional counseling is crucial to optimize maternal health and maintain pre-pregnancy body mass index within the optimal range. Special attention should be given to women with anorexia nervosa, ensuring they achieve an optimal body mass index range before conceiving. Weight gain within the limits set by the Institute of Medicine should be achieved during pregnancy. Considering findings that eating disorder symptoms tend to decrease during pregnancy but may re-emerge in the postpartum period, women with a history of eating disorders require follow-up in the postpartum phase as well. Furthermore, given the long-term benefits of breastfeeding, mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed by highlighting the protective properties and importance of breast milk.

Keywords

• Pregnancy
• anorexia nervosa
• bulimia nervosa
• eating disorders

Gebelik Döneminde Beslenme ve Yeme Bozukluklarının Fetal ve Maternal Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Gebelik, maternal metabolizmada meydana gelen fizyolojik, psikolojik ve çeşitli değişiklikler ile karakterize benzersiz bir metabolik durumdur. Kadınlar arasında yeme bozuklukları yaygın olup, doğurganlık çağındaki ve gebelik dönemindeki kadınlar açısından risk teşkil eder. Gebelik döneminde yeme bozuklukları üreme sağlığı, bir dizi olumsuz doğum sonuçları, fetal büyüme ve gelişmede gerilik ve yeme bozukluklarının nesiller arası geçişinde rol alır. Gebelik öncesi beslenme danışmanlığı, maternal sağlığı optimize etmek ve gebelik öncesi beden kütle indeksini optimal aralıkta tutmak için önemlidir. Özellikle anoreksiya nervozalı kadınların optimal beden kitle indeksi aralığına ulaşmadan gebe kalmaması konusunda dikkatli olunmalıdır. Gebelik döneminde Tıp Enstitüsü tarafından belirlenen sınırlar dahilinde ağırlık kazanımı sağlanmalıdır. Yeme bozukluklarının semptomlarının gebelikte azaldığı, ancak postpartum dönemde tekrar ortaya çıkabileceği bulguları göz önüne alındığında, yeme bozukluğu öyküsü olan kadınların gebelik sonrası dönemde de izlemi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca anne sütünün uzun vadeli etkileri göz önüne alınarak anne sütünün önemi ve koruyucu özellikleri anlatılarak emzirme için anneler teşvik edilmelidir.

Keywords

• Gebelik
• anoreksiya nervoza
• bulimia nervoza
• yeme bozuklukları

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