Spinal Kord Yaralanması Olan Bireylerde Epidural Elektriksel Stimülasyon Uygulamasının Etkisi

Abstract

Spinal kord yaralanması (SKY), dünya çapında her yaştan insanı etkileyen ciddi sakatlıklara yol açmaktadır. Travma, damar sorunları, tümörler, enfeksiyonlar, inflamasyon (örn. multipl skleroz) ve nörodejenerasyon (örn. motor nöron hastalığı) gibi çeşitli faktörler bu yaralanmalara neden olabilmektedir. Bunlar arasında, özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde, düşme ve kazalardan kaynaklanan travmatik SKY öne çıkmaktadır. Başlangıçta kronik ağrı kontrolü için kullanılan epidural elektriksel stimülasyonun (EES), SKY olan bireylerde etkinliği kanıtlanmıştır. Zamanla EES, SKY olan kişilerde motor fonksiyonu geliştirmek, duyu geliştirmek, bağırsak fonksiyonlarını düzenlemek, cinsel yetenekleri geliştirmek ve hatta kalp ritimlerini modüle etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Ancak EES'nin kesin etkisi belirsizliğini korumakta ve devam eden tartışmalara konu olmaktadır.

Keywords

• Spinal kord yaralanması
• epidural elektriksel stimülasyon
• nöromodülasyon

The Effect of Epidural Electrical Stimulation Application in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant cause of disability, affecting both children and adults worldwide. These injuries can arise from various conditions, including traumatic, vascular, tumor-related, infection-related, inflammatory (such as multiple sclerosis), or neurodegenerative (like motor neuron disease) origins. Among these, traumatic spinal cord injuries caused by reasons like falls and traffic accidents stand out, particularly in developed countries. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) was initially used to inhibit chronic pain. Subsequent studies have shown its effectiveness in individuals with SCI. In research spanning from the past to the present, EES applications have been utilized for activities such as motor function improvement, sensory enhancement, bowel functions, increased sexual functionality, and regulating heart rhythms in people with SCI. However, the exact impact of EES remains inconclusive at present and is still a subject of debate.

Keywords

• Spinal cord injury
• epidural electrical stimulation
• neuromodulation

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