Bipolar Bozuklukta Duygusal Yemenin Anlaşılması: Öz-Bildirimler ve Objektif Değerlendirmeler

Öz

Amaç: Bipolar Bozukluk'ta (BB) duygusal yeme davranışlarının incelenmesi, ruh sağlığı ve beslenme ihtiyaçlarını etkili bir şekilde yönetmek için hedefe yönelik müdahaleler geliştirmek açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma, BB ile duygusal yeme davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi ve öz-bildirim ile nesnel ölçümler arasındaki farklılıkları araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma, BB tanısı almış 43 hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilgi Formu, Bipolar Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (BDDÖ), Bipolar Bozukluk İşlevsellik Ölçeği (BBİÖ) ve Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği (DYÖ) yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 43 BB hastasının %58,1'i erkek olup, yaş ortalaması 26,93±10,29 yıl ve Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) ortalaması 25,01±6,06 kg/m²'dir. Cinsiyet, yaş, BKİ, fiziksel aktivite veya uyku süresi, BB hastalarında DYÖ ve alt boyutları için ayırt edici faktörlerden değildir (p>0,05). BB hastaları, kaygı ve depresyon gibi olumsuz duygular esnasında daha az yeme eğiliminde olduklarını ve mutluluk gibi olumlu duygular esnasında ise daha fazla yeme eğiliminde olduklarını beyan etmişlerdir. Ancak bu öz-bildirimlerin aksine, BDDÖ'ye göre karma belirtiler (manik dönemler) "Uyaran Karşısında Kontrol" ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir (p=0,003) ve "Gerginlik Durumlarında Yeme" hem somatik depresif belirtiler (p=0,002) hem de psikolojik depresif belirtiler (p=0,005) ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, BB hastalarında yeme davranışlarının öz-bildirim değerlendirmeleri ile objektif değerlendirmeler arasındaki farklılıkları vurgulamaktadır. BB hastaları olumsuz duygular sırasında yeme eğilimlerinin azaldığını ve olumlu duygular sırasında yeme eğilimlerinin arttığını beyan etmiş olsalar da, nesnel ölçümler bu öz-bildirimlerin aksini göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, bipolar bozukluğu olan bireylerde duygusal durumlarla ilişkili yeme davranışlarını değerlendirmek için objektif yöntemlerin kullanılmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bipolar bozukluk
• duygusal yeme
• beslenme davranışı
• beslenme ve yeme bozuklukları
• obezite yönetimi

Understanding Emotional Eating in Bipolar Disorder: Self-Reports vs. Objective Assessments

Abstract

Aim: Understanding emotional eating nuances in Bipolar Disorder (BD) is crucial for developing targeted interventions to effectively manage mental health and nutritional needs. This study aims to explore the relationship between BD with emotional eating behavior, as well as the disparities between self-reported appetite tendencies and objective measurements. Method: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 43 patients diagnosed with BD. The Information Form, Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ) and Emotional Eating Scale (EES) were administered through face-to-face interviews. Results: Of the 43 BD patients, 58.1% were male, with a mean age of 26.93±10.29 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.01±6.06 kg/m2. Gender, age, BMI, physical activity, or sleep duration were not significant factors for EES sub-dimensions in BD patients (p>0.05). BD patients self-reported less eating tendency during negative emotions such as anxiety and depression and a higher tendency to eat during positive emotions like happiness. However, contrary to these self-reports, according to the BDRS, mixed symptoms (manic episodes) were positively correlated with "Control Against Stimuli" (p=0.003) and "Eating when Nervous" was positively correlated with both somatic (p=0.002) and psychological depression (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study highlights differences between self-reported and objective assessments of eating behaviors in BD patients. While patients reported reduced food intake during negative emotions and increased intake during positive ones, objective measures showed contrasting results. These findings emphasize the importance of using objective methods to assess eating behaviors linked to emotional states in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Keywords

• Bipolar disorder
• emotional eating
• feeding behavior
• feeding and eating disorders
• obesity management

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