Okçularda Farklı Egzersiz Yöntemlerinin Atış Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 15-24 yaş arası genç okçularda skapula üzerinde uygulanan farklı egzersiz yöntemlerinin atış performansına etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 30 okçu sporcu dahil edildi ve okçular tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle rastgele seçilerek üç gruba ayrıldılar. Daha sonra rastgele grupların uygulayacağı egzersizler belirlendi: Skapular Proprioseptif Nöromüsküler Fasilitasyon grubu (PNF, n=10), skapular stabilizasyon egzersiz grubu (SSE, n=10) ve kontrol grubu (KG, n=10). Her gruptaki sporcular 8 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gün kendi gruplarındaki egzersizleri uyguladılar. Katılımcıların atış performansları salon okçuluğu talimatnamelerine uygulan olarak 18 metre mesafeden yapılan atışlarla, ön test ve son test skorları üzerinden değerlendirildi. Grup içi analizlerde Bağımlı Örneklem t Testi, grupların atış performansındaki zaman içindeki değişim ve grup-zaman etkileşimini değerlendirmek amacıyla Tekrarlı Ölçümler ANOVA analizi gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Grupların sosyo demografik verileri (yaş, spor yılı, boy, ağırlık) karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Her üç grubun grup içi analizlerinde anlamlı bir performans artışı gözlenmiştir (p<0,001). SSE grubunda, kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bir performans artışı saptanmıştır (p<0,001). PNF grubunun atış performansında da kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı bir artış gözlemlenmiştir (p=0,034). Buna karşın, PNF ve SSE grupları karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>005). Sonuç: Hem skapular PNF hem de skapular stabilizasyon egzersizleri, bireysel performans gelişimine katkı sağlayabilir; ancak iki yöntem arasında belirgin bir üstünlük gözlenmemiştir. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda, bu egzersizlerin uzun vadeli etkilerinin araştırılması ve bireyselleştirilmiş antrenman programlarının geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okçuluk
• PNF
• skapula stabilizasyon egzersizi
• atış performansı

The Effect of Different Exercise Methods on Shooting Performance in Archers

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate how various exercise approaches targeting the scapular region influence the shooting performance of archers between the ages of 15 and 24. Method: A total of 30 archer athletes participated in the study and were randomly assigned to three groups using stratified sampling. Subsequently, the exercise protocols to be applied to each group were determined as follows: Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation group (PNF, n=10), Scapular Stabilization Exercise group (SSE, n=10) and Control group (CG, n=10). Participants in each group performed their respective exercises twice a week for 8 weeks. Shooting performance was evaluated based on pre-test and post-test scores obtained from shots taken at a distance of 18 meters, following the indoor archery guidelines. For within-group analyses, the Paired Samples t-Test was used, and to assess changes in shooting performance over time and group-time interaction, Repeated Measures ANOVA was conducted. Results: No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics (age, years of sport experience, height, and weight). A significant improvement in shooting performance was observed within all three groups (p<0.001). The SSE group showed a significantly greater improvement in performance compared to the control group (p<0.001). Similarly, the PNF group also demonstrated a significant improvement in shooting performance compared to the control group (p=0.034). Conclusion: Both scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and scapular stabilization exercises may contribute to improvements in individual performance; however, no significant superiority was observed between the two methods. Future studies are recommended to explore the long-term effects of these exercises and to develop individualized training programs.

Keywords

• Archery
• PNF
• scapular stabilization exercises
• shooting performance

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