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Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia: A Case Report

Year 2023, Issue: 20, 764 - 768, 09.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1340557

Abstract

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is the name given to the heterotopic subependymal localization of gray matter in the walls of the lateral ventricle. It is a neurological disorder that results from the abnormal migration of neurons responsible for forming cerebral gray matter during embryonic development, leading to the formation of nodules or clusters of neurons in the periventricular region of the brain. Although it is a rare condition, PNH is the most commonly observed form of gray matter heterotopia in adulthood. PNH often presents with epilepsy, psychomotor developmental delays, and/or cognitive issues. Advances in imaging techniques have facilitated the identification of PNH in some epilepsy patients. The underlying cause has not been fully elucidated yet, but it may involve genetic anomalies such as point mutations in the FLNA gene (Filamin A), vascular pathologies, environmental factors like mercury toxicity, and exposure to radiation. This article presents a case of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia (PNH) with a negative FLNA mutation, diagnosed through cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in a patient presenting with epileptic seizures.

References

  • Watrin F, Manent JB, Cardoso C, Represa A. Causes and consequences of gray matter heterotopia. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2015;21(2):112-22.
  • Vilan A, Ferreira, MV, Pereira M.et al. Periventricular heterotopia and novel FLNA gene variant: Clinical and neuroimaging clues for an early diagnosis. Journal of Neonatology (2023):09732179221142966.
  • Vriend I, Oegema R. Genetic causes underlying grey matter heterotopia. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2021;32:82-92.
  • Gleeson JG. Neuronal migration disorders. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7:167-71.
  • Dubeau F, Tampieri D, Lee N, et al. Periventicular and subcortical nodular heterotopia. A study of 33 patients. Brain. 1995;118:1273-87.
  • Zantur B, Dönmez MC, Demirci S. Subkortikal bant heterotopisi, olgu sunumu, S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg. 2007;14(2):35-37.
  • Parrini E, Ramazzotti A, Dobyns WB, et al. Periventricular heterotopia: Phenotypic heterogeneity and correlation with filamin A mutations. Brain. 2006;129:1892–1906.
  • Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Eksioglu YZ, et al. Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. Neuron. 1998;21:1315–1325.

Periventriküler Nodüler Heterotopi: Olgu Sunumu

Year 2023, Issue: 20, 764 - 768, 09.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1340557

Abstract

Periventriküler nodüler heterotopi (PNH), embriyonik gelişim sırasında serebral gri cevheri oluşturacak olan nöronların normal göçünü tamamlayamaması ve beynin periventriküler bölgesinde nodüllerin veya nöron kümelerinin oluşumu ile sonuçlanan nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Yetişkinlikte en sık görülen gri madde heterotopisi olmakla birlikte nadir görülen bir durumdur. PNH sıklıkla epilepsi, psikomotor gelişim gerilikleri ve/veya kognitif sorunlarla ortaya çıkar. Görüntüleme yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler sayesinde epilepsi hastalarının bir kısmında PNH kolaylıkla tanınabilmektedir. Altta yatan neden henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır ancak FLNA genindeki (Filamin A) nokta mutasyonlar gibi genetik anomaliler, vasküler patolojiler, civa toksikasyonu gibi çevresel faktörler ve radyasyona maruziyet gibi nedenler sayılabilir. Bu yazıda epileptik nöbet ile prezente olan ve kranial Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG) ile tanısı konan FLNA negatif bir Periventriküler nodüler heterotopi (PNH) olgusu sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Watrin F, Manent JB, Cardoso C, Represa A. Causes and consequences of gray matter heterotopia. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2015;21(2):112-22.
  • Vilan A, Ferreira, MV, Pereira M.et al. Periventricular heterotopia and novel FLNA gene variant: Clinical and neuroimaging clues for an early diagnosis. Journal of Neonatology (2023):09732179221142966.
  • Vriend I, Oegema R. Genetic causes underlying grey matter heterotopia. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2021;32:82-92.
  • Gleeson JG. Neuronal migration disorders. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2001;7:167-71.
  • Dubeau F, Tampieri D, Lee N, et al. Periventicular and subcortical nodular heterotopia. A study of 33 patients. Brain. 1995;118:1273-87.
  • Zantur B, Dönmez MC, Demirci S. Subkortikal bant heterotopisi, olgu sunumu, S.D.Ü. Tıp Fak. Derg. 2007;14(2):35-37.
  • Parrini E, Ramazzotti A, Dobyns WB, et al. Periventricular heterotopia: Phenotypic heterogeneity and correlation with filamin A mutations. Brain. 2006;129:1892–1906.
  • Fox JW, Lamperti ED, Eksioglu YZ, et al. Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. Neuron. 1998;21:1315–1325.
There are 8 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Cases
Authors

Arif Çakır 0009-0000-3303-2015

Müge Özcan 0000-0002-0486-1364

Mehmet Sabri Erdöl 0000-0001-5670-219X

Early Pub Date September 9, 2023
Publication Date September 9, 2023
Acceptance Date September 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 20

Cite

JAMA Çakır A, Özcan M, Erdöl MS. Periventriküler Nodüler Heterotopi: Olgu Sunumu. IGUSABDER. 2023;:764–768.

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