The Importance of Erythrocyte Deformability in the Physiopathology of Diseases

Year 2023, Issue: 21, 1262 - 1272, 05.01.2024

Fadime Köse , Nurten Bahtiyar , Fatma Behice Cinemre , Birsen Aydemir

https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1313165

Abstract

Erythrocytes are cells involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs. They also play a role in protecting the organism against infection, increasing immune adhesion, and strengthening phagocytosis. For erythrocytes to perform these functions, the hemodynamic properties of the blood must be preserved. Deformability ability, one of its most important features, contributes to minimizing resistance to blood flow and adapting the cell shape to variable flow conditions. The deformability ability of erythrocytes prevents cell lysis while maintaining a constant membrane surface area. As a result of the decrease in the deformability of erythrocytes, it clogs the capillaries, obstructing blood flow and reducing tissue oxygenation. There are many factors affecting erythrocyte deformability. It is possible that erythrocyte rigidity changes reversibly with physiological regulation of some effects. While a reversible physiological mechanism is provided in erythrocyte rigidity during exercise, pathological conditions are more likely to cause eryptosis (programmed cell death) in erythrocytes. Various physicochemical properties of the environment determine the ability of erythrocyte deformability and eryptosis formation. It has been suggested that various elements, molecules, and some hormone levels in the bloodstream may affect erythrocyte deformability and eryptosis formation. In addition, the dynamic properties of the erythrocyte membrane are also affected by the content of the cytoplasm. When we examine the literature, many studies show that the deformability ability of erythrocytes is reduced in the physiopathology of various diseases. In this review, we aim to explain the importance of erythrocyte deformability in the physiopathology of diseases.

Keywords

Erythrocyte, hemodynamics, deformability, physiopathology of diseases

Project Number

YOK

Hastalıkların Fizyopatolojisinde Eritrosit Deformabilitesinin Önemi

Abstract

Eritrositler, dokular ile akciğerler arasında oksijen ve karbondioksit alışverişinde rol alan hücrelerdir. Organizmayı enfeksiyona karşı korunmasında, immün adezyonun arttırılmasında, fagositozun güçlendirilmesinde de görev alırlar. Eritrositlerin bu görevlerini yerine getirebilmesi için kanın hemodinamik özelliklerinin korunması gerekmektedir. En önemli özelliklerinden biri olan deformabilite yeteneği, kan akımına karşı direnci en aza indirmeye ve hücre şeklini değişken akış koşullarına adapte edebilmeye katkı sağlamaktadır. Eritrositlerin deformabilite yeteneği, sabit bir membran yüzey alanını korurken, hücre parçalanmasını da engellemektedir. Eritrositlerin deformabilite yeteneğinin azalması sonucu kılcal damarları tıkayarak kan akımını engellemekte ve doku oksijenlenmesini azaltmaktadır. Eritrosit deformabilitesini etkileyen çok sayıda faktör bulunmaktadır. Bazı etkilerin fizyolojik regülasyonu ile eritrosit rijiditesinin reversibl olarak değişmesi olasıdır. Egzersiz esnasında eritrosit rijiditesinde reversibl olarak bir fizyolojik mekanizma sağlanıyorken, patolojik koşulların eritrositlerde eriptoza (eritrositlerde programlanmış ölüme) yol açma olasılığı daha yüksektir. Eritrosit deformabilite yeteneğini ve eriptoz oluşumunu ortamın çeşitli fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlemektedir. Kan dolaşımındaki çeşitli elementlerin, moleküllerin ve bazı hormon düzeylerinin eritrosit deformabilite yeteneği ve eriptoz oluşumunu etkileyebildiği ileri sürülmektedir. Ayrıca eritrosit membranının dinamik özellikleri sitoplazma içeriğinden de etkilenmektedir. Literatürü incelediğimizde, çok sayıda yapılan çalışmada çeşitli hastalıkların fizyopatolojisinde eritrositlerin deformabilite yeteneğinin azaldığı görülmektedir. Bu derlememizde, hastalıkların fizyopatolojisinde eritrosit deformabilite yeteneğinin önemini açıklamayı amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Eritrosit, hemodinamik, deformabilite, hastalıkların fizyopatolojisi

Project Number

YOK

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