İşletmelerde Sürdürülebilirlik İçin Yapay Zekanın Kullanılması: Olası Olumlu Etkiler, Riskler ve Güçlükler

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı işletmelerde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamada yapay zekanın nasıl kullanılabileceğini incelemektir. Çalışmanın diğer amacı ise sürdürülebilirlik için yapay zeka kullanımının olası olumlu etkilerinin yanında olası riskleri ve güçlükleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmış ve ilgili literatür detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Literatür taraması için “artificial intelligence (ai)”, “sustainability”, “business”, “positive impact” (or “benefits”, “opportunities”), “risks” (or “challenges”, “barriers”, “threats”, “limitations”), “yapay zeka”, “sürdürülebilirlik”, “işletme”, “olumlu etki” (veya “faydalar”, “fırsatlar”), “riskler” (veya “güçlükler”, “engeller”, “tehditler”, “sınırlılıklar”) anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, tarih kısıtı olmaksızın, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Sage Journals, Emerald, Google Scholar ve TR Dizin veri tabanları taranmıştır. İnceleme sonucunda elde edilen veriler ışığında, yapay zekanın işletmelerde sürdürülebilir tarımdan madenciliğe, finanstan inşaata ve lojistikten imalata kadar pek çok alanda sürdürülebilirlik amacıyla kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Yapay zeka kullanımının çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde pek çok olumlu etkisinin olabileceği ancak buna karşın işsizlik, eşitsizlik, veri güvenliği gibi riskler ile değişime direnç, maliyet, yasal çerçeve eksikliği gibi güçlükler barındırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yapay zekanın etik bir şekilde kullanılması için düzenleyici çerçevelere ihtiyaç olduğu, etkili kullanım için güçlü bir dijital altyapı ve işbirliği gerektiği, bunun için de hükümetlerin işletmelere teşvikler ve sübvansiyonlar sağlaması gerektiği gibi konularda öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Yapay Zeka
• Literatür Taraması
• Potansiyel Faydalar
• Riskler
• Güçlükler

Using Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability in Businesses: Potential Positive Impacts, Risks and Challenges

Abstract

The primary aim of this study is to examine how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to achieve sustainability in businesses. Another objective of the study is to highlight the potential positive effects of AI usage for sustainability, as well as the risks and challenges associated with it. To achieve this aim, the study employs qualitative research methods, specifically the document analysis technique, and a detailed review of the relevant literature has been conducted. For the literature review, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Scopus, Science Direct, Sage Journals, Emerald, Google Scholar and TR Index databases were searched using the keywords ‘artificial intelligence (ai)’, ‘sustainability’, ‘business’, ‘positive impact’ (or ‘benefits’, ‘opportunities’), ‘risks’ (or ‘challenges’, ‘barriers’, ‘threats’, ‘limitations’). In the light of the data obtained as a result of the examination, it is seen that artificial intelligence is used for sustainability purposes in many areas from sustainable agriculture to mining, from finance to construction and from logistics to manufacturing. The findings suggest that AI can have numerous positive effects on environmental, economic, and social sustainability. However, it has also been identified that AI presents risks such as unemployment, inequality, and data security concerns, along with challenges including resistance to change, costs, and the lack of a legal framework. The study concludes that regulatory frameworks are necessary for the ethical use of AI, that strong digital infrastructure and collaboration are essential for effective implementation, and that governments should provide incentives and subsidies to businesses in order to overcome these challenges. Recommendations regarding these issues have been proposed.

Keywords

• Sustainability
• Artifical Intellegent
• Potential Benefits
• Literature Review
• Risks
• Challenges

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