Immigrants Policies in Sweden and Integration

Year 2019, , 207 - 222, 22.10.2019

Pınar Akarçay

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.446879

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Sweden posits herself
equitable, tolerant and humanist regarding immigrant policies. In 2013,
although Sweden inclined to divert from this policy by tightening border
controls and proposing limitation regulations in acceptance of migrants by the
uptrending effects of an anti-immigrant political party, it is striking that
Sweden’s approach to immigrants is more flexible and more constructive than in
other European countries. In this essay, Sweden’s immigrant policy and outcomes
of those policies regarding immigrants will be discussed. By this aim, the
study will comprise of two parts. In the first part, immigrant flow to Sweden
and Swedish migrant policies in this context will be examined. In the second
part, immigrants’ integration processes in line with the adopted migrant
policies and outcomes of those processes will be explored.

Keywords

Immigrant, Sweden, Immigrant Policies, Immigrant Integration, Vocation and Housing Issues

İsveç’te Göçmen Politikaları ve Entegrasyon

Abstract

İsveç göçmen politikalarıyla kendini eşitlikçi, hoşgörülü ve insancıl bir konuma yerleştirmektedir. 2013 yılında göçmen karşıtı bir partinin yükselişe geçmesi ile sınır kontrollerinin sıkılaştırılması ve göçmen politikalarında göçmen kabulünü sınırlayacak düzenlemelerin teklif edilmesiyle her ne kadar bu konumdan kopmaya yönelik eğilim göstermiş olsa da, İsveç’in göçmenlere yaklaşımının diğer Avrupa ülkelerine göre daha esnek ve daha yapıcı olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu makalede, İsveç’in göçmen politikası ve bu politikaların göçmenler açısından ortaya koyduğu sonuçlar tartışılacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda makale iki bölümden oluşacaktır. İlk bölümde İsveç’e göçmen akışı ve bu bağlamda ortaya konan göçmen politikaları incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde göçmenlerin uygulanan politikalar sonucu ortaya çıkan entegrasyon süreçleri ve bu süreçlerin ortaya çıkardığı sonuçlar değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

Göçmen Politikaları, Göçmen, İsveç, Göçmenlerin Entegrasyonu, İş ve Konut Sorunları

References

• ALDEN, L., HAMMARSTEDT, M. (2014). Integration of Immigrants on the Swedish Labour Market: Recent Trends and Explanations, Working Paper Series 2014:9, Linnaeus University Centre for Labour Market and Discrimination Studies, ss.1-43.
• ALEXANDER, M. (2003). Local policies toward migrants as an expression of Host-Stranger relations: A proposed typology. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(3), ss.411–30.
• ALONSO, S., FONSECA, S. C. (2012). Immigration, left and right. Party Politics, 18(6), 865–84.
• ANDERSSON, R. (2006). Breaking Segregation’-Rhetorical Construct or Effective Policy? The Case of the Metropolitan Development Initiative in Sweden, Urban Studies, Cilt 43, Sayı 4, ss. 787-799.
• ARAI, M., Vilhelmsson, R. (2004). Unemployment-risk differentials between immigrant and native workers in Sweden. Industrial Relations. 43(3): 690–698.
• ARANGO, J. (2000). Explaining migration: a critical view. International Social Science Journal, 52(165), 283–96.
• BALE, T. (2008). Turning round the telescope. Centre-right parties and immigration and integration policy in Europe1. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(3), 315–30.
• BECK, J. (2014). The role of integration policies for migrants’ outcomes in the labour market in Germany, Sweden and UK. Bachelor Thesis. University of Twente, Netherlands.
• BEVELANDER, P. (1999). The employment integration of immigrants in Sweden. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 25, n. 3, pp. 445-468.
• BEVELANDER, P. (2004). Immigration patterns, economic integration and residential segregation: Sweden in the late 20th century. Current themes in IMER Research, www.bit.mah.se/MUEP.
• Bostads- och byggnadsstatistisk årsbok (2012). (http://www.scb.se). (Erisim: 10.06.18).
• CARD, D. (2001). Immigrant inflows, native outflows, and the local labor market impacts of higher immigration. Journal of Labor Economics 19(1): 22–64.
• CARLSSON, S. (1970). Svensk Historia. Vol. 2, Bonniers, Stockholm (in Swedish).
• DAHLSTEDT, M., Bevelander, P. (2010). General versus vocational education and employment integration of immigrants in Sweden. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 8, 158–192.
• GRAND, C., SZULKIN, R. (2002). Permanent disadvantage or gradual integration: explaining the immigrant-native earnings gap in Sweden. Labour, 16, 37–64.
• HAMMAR, T. (1985). European immigration policy. A comparative study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• HAMMARSTEDT, M., SHUKUR, G. (2007). Immigrants’ relative earnings in Sweden – a quantile regression approach. International Journal of Manpower, 28, 456–473.
• HOLMQVIST, E., BERGSTEIN, Z. (2009). Swedish Social Mix Policy: A General Policy without an Explicit Ethnic Focus, Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Cilt 24, Sayı 4, ss. 477-490.
• KUHLMAN, T. (1991). The economic integration of refugees in developing countries: a research model. Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1., 1-20.
• LEMAIRE, G. (2007). The Integration of immigrants into the labour market: the Case of Sweden. OECD DELSA⁄ ELSA ⁄WD⁄ SEM(2007)3, Paris.
• LINDBOM, A. (2001). Dismantling Swedish housing policy. Governance, Vol. 14, Issue 4, pp. 503-526.
• LUNDBORG, P. (2013). Refugees’ employment integration in Sweden: Cultural distance and labour market performance. Review of International Economics, 21, pp. 219–232.
• MESSINA, A. M. (2002). West European immigration and immigrant policy in the new century. Westpot and others: Praeger.
• Migrationsverket, http://www.migrationsverket.se/English/About-the-Migration-Agency/Fac ts-andstatistics-/Statistics.html (Erisim: 04.06.18)
• OECD (2016). Working together: skills and labour market integration of immigrants and their children in Sweden. OECD Publishing, Paris.
• REGERINGSKANSLIET (2002). Swedish integration policy for the 21st century, Stockholm.
• RINIOLO, V. (2016). Sweden: a countyr of opportunities and constraints for migrant integration. Paper Ismu, pp. 1-22.
• ROBINSON, V. (1999). Migration and public policy. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• ROOTH, D.O. (1999). Refugee migrants in Sweden, educational investments and labour market integration. Lund Economy Studies number 84, Lund.
• RYDING, Z.C. (2001). Where you come from decides where you are heading a qualitative study of well-educated migrants entering the labor market in Sweden. Working Paper Series 7, The Sociology Department, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
• SCOTT, K. (1999). The migrant experience: changing employment and income patterns in Sweden, 1970-1993. Lund Studies in Economic History 9, Lund University Press, Lund.
• Statistics Sweden (SCB), (2017). Special Processing by Labour Force Surveys.
• WIESBROCK, A. (2011). The integration of immigrants in Sweden: a model for the European Union?. International Migration, Vol. 49 (4), pp. 50-66.