A Conceptual Model Proposal for Co-Creation of Social Value: Insights from Social Entrepreneurs

Yıl 2020, , 1 - 20, 04.04.2020

Duygu Acar Erdur , Mine Afacan Fındıklı

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.537350

Öz

This study suggests a conceptual model of collaboration the between business organizations and social entrepreneurs for the co-creation of social value. The study is based on a qualitative research. The data is obtained by semi-structured interviews with nine social entrepreneurs in Turkey. Deriving from the data, nine propositions are generated that identifies how these two distinct actors can collaborate. Findings reveal that social entrepreneurs can provide social mission, awareness of specific needs, a focus on various problems and innovative problem solving ability in this collaboration. On the other hand, organizations can ensure financial resource, business insight and recognition to the social entrepreneurs. Additionally, our findings show that the network platforms have facilitator role in this collaboration. The findings of the study reveal that the engagement of organizations and social entrepreneurs may eliminate each other’s disadvantages and may provide long term social value.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Entrepreneurship, Organizations, Collaboration, Social Value, Societal Problems

Sosyal Değerin Yaratılmasında İşletmeler ve Sosyal Girişimler Arasında Kavramsal Bir İşbirliği Modeli

Öz

Bu çalışma, sosyal değer yaratmak için işletmeler ile sosyal girişimciler arasında işbirliğine yönelik kavramsal bir model önermektedir. Nitel araştırmaya dayanan bu çalışmada veriler, Türkiye'deki dokuz sosyal girişimciyle gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Verilerden yola çıkarak, bu iki aktörün nasıl işbirliği yapabileceğini belirleyen dokuz önerme geliştirilmiştir. Bulgular, sosyal girişimcilerin sosyal misyon, spesifik ihtiyaçların farkındalığı, çeşitli sorunlara odaklanabilme ve yenilikçi problem çözme becerileriyle bu işbirliğine katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer taraftan, bulgular işletmelerin de bu işbirliğini sosyal girişimcilere; finansal kaynak, yönetim iç görüsü ve tanınırlık sağlayarak destekleyebileceklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, network platformlarının da bu işbirliğinde kolaylaştırıcı rolü olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, işletmeler ve sosyal girişimcilerin işbirliğinin birbirlerinin dezavantajlarını ortadan kaldırabileceğini ve uzun vadeli sosyal değer yaratabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal girişimcilik, İşletmeler, İşbirliği, Sosyal Değer, Toplumsal Sorunlar

Kaynakça

• ABU-SAIFAN, S. (2012, February). Social entrepreneurship: definition and boundaries. Technology Innovation Management Review, 22-27.
• AUSTIN, J. E., SEITANIDI, M. M. (2012a). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses: Part I: value creation spectrum and collaboration stages. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(5), 726–758.
• AUSTIN, J. E., SEITANIDI, M. M. (2012b). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses: Part II: Partnership Processes and Outcomes. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(6), 929-968.
• AFACAN FINDIKLI, M. (2017). Sürdürülebilirlik perspektifinde iş etiği, I. Pakdemir (Ed), İşletmelerde Sürdürülebilirlik Dinamikleri (362-391). Istanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• BERGER, I. E., CUNNINGHAM, P. H., & DRUMWRIGHT, M. E. (2004). Social alliances: Company/nonprofit collaboration. California Management Review, 47(1), 58-90.
• BESCHORNER, T., THOMAS, H. (2017). Responsible Practices are Culturally Embedded: Theoretical Considerations on Industry-Specific Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 143(4), 635-642.
• CARROLL, A., B. BROWN, J. A. (2018), Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Current Concepts, Research, and Issues, In J. Weber & D. M. Wasieleski (Ed.) Corporate Social Responsibility, Vol 360 (2), 39-69.
• BANERJEE, S. B. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: the good, the bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology, Vol 34(1) 51-79.
• BLOWFIELD, M., FRYNAS, J.G. (2005). Setting New agendas: critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing World. International Affairs, Vol 81, 499-513.
• BORNSTEIN, D. (2004). How to change the World, social entrepreneurs and power of the new ideas, NY, Oxford University Press http://mason.gmu.edu/~progers2/howtochangetheworld.pdf. Accessed: 06.01.2019.
• BOWEN, H.R. (1953). Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. New York: Harper & Row.
• CARROLL, A. B. (1991, July/ August). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Towards the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders. Business Horizons, 39–48.
• CARROLL, A. B. (2008). A history of corporate social responsibility: concepts and practices in Crane, A., Matten, D., Mcwilliams, A., Moon, J. And Siegel, D. (Eds), (19 –-46), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford University Press.
• CHAHINE, T. (2016). Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group.
• CRANE, A., & SEITANIDI, M. M. 2014. Social partnerships and responsible business: What, why and how? Seitanidi, M. M. & Crane, A. (Ed.), Social partnerships and responsible business: A research handbook: (1–12). New York: Routledge.
• DACIN, P. A., DACIN M. T. & MATEAR, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: why we don't need a new theory and how we move forward. Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol 24(3), 37-57.
• DAVIS, K. (1973). The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, Vol 1, 312-322.
• DAVIS, K. & FREDERICK, W. C. (1984). Business in Society. New York: Mcgraw Hill.
• DEES, J. G. (1998). Enterprising nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, Vol 76, 55–67.
• DEVINNEY, T. M., (2009). Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? the good, bad and ugly of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Perspectives, 23, 44-56.
• DOANE, D. (2005). Beyond corporate social responsibility: minnows, mammoths and markets. Futures, Vol 37, 215–229.
• DONNA J. W., (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. The Academy of Management Review, Vol 16(4), 691-718.
• DORADO, S. (2006). Social entrepreneurial ventures: Different values so different propositions of creation, no? Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11(4), 319-343.
• DUFAYS, F. & HUYBRECHT, B. (2014). Connecting the dots for social value: A review on social networks and social entrepreneurship, Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Vol, 5(2), 214-237.
• DRAYTON, B. (2008). The Citizen Sector Transformed. Nicholls, A. (Ed.). Social entrepreneurship: New models of sustainable social change. OUP Oxford.
• EASTERLY, W. (2009). How the millennium development goals are unfair to Africa. World Development, Vol 37(1), 26–35.
• EISENHARDT, K. & GRAEBNER, M. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and Challenges. Academy of Management Journal, Vol 50(1), 25-32.
• ELKINGTON, J., HARTIGAN, P. (2008) The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets that Change the World, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
• FERRELL, O. C., HIRT, G. A. & FERRELL, L. (2016). Business: a changing World. Mcgraw- Hill Education.
• FLAMMER, C. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: the environmental awareness of investors. Academy of Management Journal, Vol 56(3), 758-781.
• FOWLER, A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history: Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation? Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21(4), 637-654.
• GRAY, B. (1985). Conditions facilitating interorganizational collaboration. Human Relations, 38(10), 911–936.
• GROOT, A. & DANKBAAR, B. (2014). Does social innovation require social entrepreneurship?. Technology Innovation Management Review, Vol, 4(12), 17–26.
• HELLSTRÖM, E., HÄMÄLÄINEN, T., LAHTI, V., COOK, J. W. & JOUSILAHTI, J. (2015). Towards a Sustainable Well-being Society from Principles to Applications. In E. Hellström, J. Jousilahti & T. Heinilä (Ed.), Sitra working paper, https://media.sitra.fi/2017/06/19134752/Towards_a_Sustainable_Wellbeing_Society_2.pdf. Accessed: 12.11.2018.
• JACKSON W. T. & JACKSON, M. J. (2014). Social enterprises and social entrepreneurs: one size does not fit all. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol 20(2), 152-162.
• JACOBY, N. (1973). Corporate Power and Social Responsibility. New York: Macmillan.
• KORSGAARD, S. (2011). Opportunity formation in social entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Vol 5(4), 265-285.
• LEHNER, OTHMAR M. (2011). The phenomenon of social enterprise in Austria: a triangulated descriptive study. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Vol 2(1), 53-78.
• MAHAJAN, S. L, DAW, T. (2016). Perceptions of Martin Burt. Ecosystem services and benefits to human well-being from community-based marine protected areas in Kenya. Marine Policy, Vol 74, 108–119.
• MAIR, J., MARTI, I. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship Research: A Source of Explanation, Prediction, and Delight. Journal of World Business, 41, 36-44.
• OECD. (2017). How's life? Measuring well-being. http://www.oecd.org/statistics/how-s-life-23089679.htm Accessed: 14.12.2018
• ORLITZKY, M., SCHMIDT, F. L., & RYNES, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: a meta-analysis. Organization Studies, Vol 24(3), 403–441.
• PEREDO, A.M. & MCLEAN, M. (2006). Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review of the Concept. Journal of World Business, 41, 56-55.
• PORTER M., KRAMER M. (2011). Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value. Accessed: 13.12.2018
• SAKARYA, S., BODUR, M., YILDIRIM-ÖKTEM, Ö. & SELEKLER-GÖKSEN, N. (2012). Social alliances: Business and social enterprise collaboration for social transformation, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 65(12), 1710-1720.
• SANTOS, F. M. A. (2012). Positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship Social Entrepreneurship in Theory and Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 111(3), 335-351.
• SEELOS, C., MAIR, M., BATTILANA, B. & DACIN, M.,T. (2011). The embeddedness of social entrepreneurship: Understanding variation across local communities. Marquis, C., Lounsbury, M. and Greenwood, R. (Ed). Communities and Organizations (333-363). Emerald Group Publishing
• SHAW, E. AND CARTER, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 418-434.
• SHORT, J. C., MOSS, T. W., & LUMPKIN, G. T. (2009). Research in social entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol 3, 161-194.
• SULLIVAN, D.M. (2017). Stimulating social entrepreneurship: can support from cities make a difference? Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol 21(1), 77-78.
• THOMPSON, J. L. (2002). The World of the social entrepreneur, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, Vol, 15(5), 412–431.
• TRACEY, P., PHILLIPS, P. & HAUGH, H. (2005). Beyond philanthropy: community enterprise as a basis for corporate citizenship, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 58(4), 327–344.
• UNEP- United Nations Environmental Program (2012). Implications for achieving the millennium development goals. http://www.unep.org/maweb/documents/document.324.aspx.pdf. Accessed: 19.12.2018.
• VANGEN S., HUXHAM, C. (2013). Building and Using the Theory of Collaborative Advantage.. R., Keast, M., Mandell and R. Agranoff (Ed). Network Theory in the Public Sector: Building New Theoretical Frameworks (51-67).New York: Taylor and Francis.
• VISSER, W. (2008) Corporate social responsibility in developing countries. In A. CRANE, A. MCWILLIAMS, D. MATTEN, J. MOON & D. SIEGEL (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility. (473-479), Oxford: Oxford University Press,
• VISSER, W. (2012). The Future of CSR: Towards Transformative CSR, or CSR 2.0 Kaleidoscope Futures Paper Series, No. 1. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2208101 Accessed: 23.12.2018.
• WADDOCK, S. (1991). A typology of social partnership organizations. Administration and Society, 22(4), 480–516.
• WEERAWARDENA, J. & SULLIVAN MORT, G. (2006). Investigating Social Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Model. Journal of World Business, Vol 41, 21-35.
• WISEMAN, J., BRASHER, K., (2008). Community wellbeing in an unwell world: trends, challenges, and possibilities. Public Health Policy, Vol 9(3), 353-66.
• WOOD, J. D. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. The Academy of Management Review, Vol 16(4), 691-718.
• YIN, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication Inc.
• ZAHRA, A. M., GEDAJLOVIC, E., NEUBAUM, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A Typology of Social Entrepreneurship: Motives, Search Processes and Ethical Challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 24 (5), 519-532.
• ZAHRA, S., RAWHOUSER, H., BHAW, N., NEUBAUM, D. & HAYTON, J. (2008). Globalization of Social Entrepreneurship Opportunities. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol 2, 117-131.