Innovation, Global Competitiveness and Human Development Index: EU Cluster Case

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 559 - 574, 31.10.2024

Melike Çetin

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1318161

Öz

This study investigates the effects of innovation on global competitiveness within the framework of the EU13 and EU15 countries. Using a Pooled Driscoll and Kraay regression analysis that takes into account unit and time effects, the research illuminates the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI), which represents Global Competitiveness, Research Expenditure, the Number of Researchers, the Number of Patents, and the Human Capital Index. The findings reveal that while the number of researchers and research expenditure lack a statistically significant effect on HDI in both groups, a significant positive correlation was found between HDI and both the number of patents and human capital. More specifically, for EU13 countries, an increase in the number of patents and human capital leads to respective increases of 0.005 and 0.04 in the HDI, while for EU15 countries, these figures stand at 0.0008 and 0.03 respectively. The study concludes that investment strategies aimed at enhancing human capital and increasing the number of patent applications can notably improve global competitiveness. For EU13 countries, in particular, greater effort in the mentioned areas is needed to narrow the gap with their EU15 counterparts. In addition, despite the indirect impact on competitiveness, it is recommended for EU13 countries to boost their R&D investments and foster technological transfer to enhance their innovation capabilities. The findings from this study underscore the pivotal role of innovation in achieving global competitiveness and suggest a need for stronger collaboration within the European Union, particularly in scientific and technological fields, to facilitate knowledge and skill exchange.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Innovation, Global Competitiveness, Human Development Index, EU13, Panel Data

İnovasyon, Küresel Rekabet Edebilirlik ve İnsani Gelişme Endeksi: AB Küme Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma, EU13 ve EU15 ülkeleri çerçevesinde inovasyonun küresel rekabet üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Birim ve zaman etkilerini dikkate alarak Pooled Driscoll ve Kraay regresyon analizi kullanan araştırma Küresel Rekabet Gücünü temsil eden İnsan Gelişim İndeksi (HDI), Araştırma Harcamaları, Araştırmacı Sayısı, Patent Sayısı ve İnsan Sermayesi İndeksi arasındaki ilişkiyi aydınlatmaktadır. Bulgular, araştırmacı sayısı ve araştırma harcamalarının her iki grupta da HDI üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığını, ancak patent sayısı ve insan sermayesi ile HDI arasında anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Daha spesifik olarak, EU13 ülkeleri için, patent sayısındaki ve insan sermayesindeki bir artış, HDI'de sırasıyla 0.005 ve 0.04'lük bir artışa yol açarken, EU15 ülkeleri için bu rakamlar sırasıyla 0.0008 ve 0.03'tür. Çalışma, insan sermayesini artırmaya ve patent başvuru sayısını çoğaltmaya yönelik yatırım stratejilerinin küresel rekabeti önemli ölçüde iyileştirebileceği sonucuna ulaşmaktadır. Özellikle EU13 ülkeleri için, bahsedilen alanlarda daha fazla çaba sarf edilmesi, EU15 muadilleriyle aradaki farkı daraltma ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, rekabet üzerindeki dolaylı etkisine rağmen, EU13 ülkelerinin Ar-Ge yatırımlarını artırmaları ve inovasyon yeteneklerini artırmak için teknolojik transferi teşvik etmeleri önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, küresel rekabeti elde etmede inovasyonun hayati rolünü vurgulamakta ve bilgi ve beceri alışverişini kolaylaştırmak için Avrupa Birliği içinde, özellikle bilimsel ve teknolojik alanlarda, daha güçlü bir işbirliği ihtiyacını öne çıkarmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnovasyon, Küresel Rekabet Edebilirlik, İnsani Gelişme Endeksi, EU13, Panel Veri

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